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Celtic warlord Vortigern invited the Jutish brothers Hengest and Horsa to settle in Kent, Hampshire and the Isle of Wight these peoples all spoke variations of a West Germanic tongue, similar to modern Frisian, variations that were different but probably close enough to be mutually intelligible.
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The Angles settle on the coast of Britain, particularly in the north and East Anglia.
these peoples all spoke variations of a West Germanic tongue, similar to modern Frisian, variations that were different but probably close enough to be mutually intelligible. -
The Frisian people, from the marshes and islands of northern Holland and western Germany, also began to encroach on the British mainland
these peoples all spoke variations of a West Germanic tongue, similar to modern Frisian, variations that were different but probably close enough to be mutually intelligible. -
-Push the Celts into Wales and North Scotland
-North Germanic roots appear. Birth of English
-Led to the creations of Anglo-Saxon kingdoms -
The Saxons made an increasing number of movements into the southern part of the British mainland
these peoples all spoke variations of a West Germanic tongue, similar to modern Frisian, variations that were different but probably close enough to be mutually intelligible. -
St. Augustine brought Christianity to the pagan Anglo-Saxons of the rest of England
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four major dialects of Old English gradually emerged: Northumbrian in the north of England, Mercian in the midlands, West Saxon in the south and west, and Kentish in the southeast.
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-Lindisfarne monastery is raised & destoryed (loss of written manuscripts)
-Vikings started off by seasonal raiding however by mid 9th Century started to stay
-Began to sieze land from Anglo-Saxon inhabitants -
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-Alfred King of Wessex defeats Guthrum leader of Norse army
-Setting up of Danelaw-splitting England into 2 different countries -
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Cnut the Great ruled over the whole of England kingdom, itself the product of Wessex
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King Harold defeated by Norman king William the Conquerer.
All Anglo-Saxon lords and landowners driven North to Scotland.
Replaced by Norman Nobles who speak old French. Old English disappears. -
Fluent in Latin and French, Caused large amounts of French speakers to come into England
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Wiped out many French speakers. English classified as most recognised language in England
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Law recognised too few languages recognised Latin and French.Declared cases can be pleaded in English
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-Becomes Norse kingdom. Northumberland, Mercia and Wessex remain English
-Trading means mingling, adding Norse words as well as Norse graphemes
-14 Shires: York, Nottingham, Derby, Lincoln, Essex, Cambridge, Norfolk, Northampton, Huntington etc