-
Morill Land Grant Act
Set aside federal lands for states to create colleges that "benefit the agricultural and mechanical arts -
Homestead Act
Gave 160 acres free to anyone who'd farm the land for 5+ years and improve it -
Navajo Long Walk
8000 Natives are forced off their land in the SW to reservations -
Sand Creek Massacre
Group of drunk U.S soldiers murder innocent natives moving to their reservation -
General Amnesty Act
Removed office-holding restriction to all but a few hundred ex-Confederates -
Barbed wire invented
Made it possible to build fences w/o lumber and protect crops from stampedes -
Slaughter House Cases
Ruled that the privilege and amenities clause of the 14th Amendment applies to national citizenship, not state -
Little Big Horn
Lakota Cheyenne destroyed U.S military and no white settlers survived. Most successful rebellion & marks the end of native resistance -
U.S v. Reese
Ruled that the federal govt. is only responsible for supporting the 14th Amendment to "the letter of the law" -
U.S v. Cruikshank
Only states, not the federal govt., had the right to prosecute Klansmen -
Pendleton Civil Service Act
Federal jobs must be awarded on the basis of merit and competitive exams. Move away from the Spoils System -
Chinese Exclusionary Law
Banned Chinese immigration for 10 years & barred Chinese already in the U.S from attaining citizenship -
Natives receives "ward status"
Denied U.S citizenship to natives with no 14/15th amendment protection. Settlers continue to encroach on Native land -
Haymarket Riot
Protestors gather to protest police brutality, leading to police intervention, resulting in the detonation of a bomb by an anarchist -
Wabash case
Prohibited states from regulating railroads, resulting in the creation of the Interstate Commerce Committee -
Dawes Severalty Act
End of reservation policy: creation of boarding schools, and Native head of households were given 160 free acres, 40 acres to each minor when the turn 18 -
Hatch Act
Provided for research to be conducted by state agriculture colleges w/ USDA -
Sherman Anti-Trust Act
Makes it illegal for individuals to monopolize -
NAWSA formed
Women suffrage association led by Susan B. Anthonythat eventually splits to due a dispute over the 15th Amendment -
Wounded Knee
Natives think the Ghost Dance makes them invincible to bullets, leading to massacre by US troops -
Mississippi Plan
Voter requirements include literacy, paying taxes, be a state resident for 2 years. Passed to limit # of black voters -
U.S v. E.C Knight
Sugar refinery owns 95% of the industry and S.C rules that control of manufacturing doesn't equal control of trade -
Omaha Platform
Suggests a federal loans act to get farmers the money they need -
Geary Act
Required all Chinese Americans to carry a paper w/ them at all times to confirm citizenship -
Homestead Strike
Launched by the Amalagated Association of Iron and Steel workers against Homestead Steel, which hires guards, resulting in clashes between protestors + guard -
Booker T. Washington's Atlanta Compromise
Belief that blacks must somewhat accommodate white beliefs, while proving their economic value to the country -
Plessy v. Ferguson
Rules that blacks and whites can be separated as long as there's equal facilities -
Holden v. Hardy
State law prevented minors who work in the mines from working 10+ hours, and the S.C agrees b/c of the danger associated -
Open Door Policy
Created by John Hay, asking Europe to respect the principles of free trade (in order to gain access to China) -
SPAM
U.S engaging the Spanish in conflict to "protect Cuban independence", but the real reason was to claim the Philippines and Cuba -
Dollar diplomacy
Govt. encouraged bankers to provide loans to China & Latin American countries to modernize them and bring them into the "American Sphere of Influence" -
Hawaii annexed
After the duty-free status of Hawaiian sugar was eliminated, American elite pushed for annexation, despite making up 2% of the population -
Philippine-American War
After the U.S claimed the Philippines (via Treaty of Paris), the Filipino people revolted against the new government, resulting in the loss of 20,000 Filipino combatants -
Cummings v. County Board
S.C ruled that a county board of education has the right to exclude blacks from receiving an education -
Platt Amendment
U.S must approve all Cuban treaties, U.S has the right to intervene to secure Cuban independence. Cuba has to lease Gitmo to the U.S -
Newlands Reclamation ACt
Authorized the secretary of the interior and to designate irrigation areas and establish a reclamation fund -
Roosevelt Corollary
U.S found that govt. mismanagement, civil wars, coups, and turnovers in regime created insecure environments for U.S business and invited European intervention. Therefore, the U.S will engage in a preemptive attack and intervene in any Latin American country whose behavior puts it in danger of defaulting loans or "inviting European intervention" -
Lochner v. NY
S.C rules that NY can't create a law limiting baker working hours b/c it isn't dangerous enough -
Great White Fleet
Roosevelt created large fleet of white ships to tour around the world, leading to JP improving their naval fleet -
Meat Inspection Act
Prevents misbranded meats from being sold as food. Also ensures that meat is slaughtered/processed sanitarily -
Hepburn Act
Strengthened the I.C.C to inspect railroad financials and set reasonable rates. Also required shippers to prove they were following regulation -
Pure Food & Drug Act
Banned foreign/interstate traffic of adulterated food and drugs. Also required that active ingredients be included on the label -
Root-Takahira Agreement
Conceded JP's hegemony over Korea in return for JP's promise not to undermine U.S position in the Philippines -
Muller v. Oregon
S.C upholds law limiting women to 10 working hours in the laundry industry -
New Nationalism
Roosevelt's platform which called for a natl. approach to country affairs and a strong president to deal w/ them. Urged for government efficiency and the protection of children/women/workers. Accepted good trusts and didn't release power -
Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire
Large factory caught on fire, and all exits were blocked, leading to the deaths of 146 workers. Led the way for more safety regulation in the workplace -
New Freedom
Wilson's Counter to New Nationalism, revolving around the idea that concentrated economic power threatened individual liberty and that monopolies should be broken up. "Enforce the law and step back" -
17th Amendment ratified
Provided for the direct election of senators -
Underwood Tariff
Encouraged importation of cheaper foreign materials/manufactured goods by eliminating/reducing certain tariff rates -
Federal Reserve Act
Established a national banking system, creating 12 district banks which loaned $$$ to member banks -
16th Amendment ratified
Legalized the federal income tax as a permanent source of income for the federal government -
Clayton Antitrust Act
Corrected the deficiencies of the Sherman Antitrust Act by outlawing practices like price discrimination and interlocking directorates -
Lusitania sinks
British ocean liner sinks thanks to German U-Boat, resulting in the deaths of 123 Americans, straining UK-German & US-German relations and fueling anti-German sentiment -
U.S enters WWI
Even after multiple warnings to stop the German submarine attacks on passenger ships, they didn't stop. The U.S also had a vested financial interest in the war in Europe, as large loans were made to the allies. Therefore, if they didn't win, the bankers were unlikely to get their $$$ back -
19th Amendment ratified
Made it illegal to deny the right to vote based on sex, granting women the right to vote -
18th Amendment ratified
Prohibited the sale, consumption, manufacturing, and transport of alcohol