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Founding of Québec
The Amerindians no longer ruled the land. The french came and took over and called the territory New France. -
Creation of the company One Hundred Associates
The company of One Hundred Associates was in charge of populating the colony. They were responsible for the colony. -
Royal Government
The king decided that he wanted to have an intendant and a governor to run New France. The king lived in France while the governor and intendant lived in New France. -
Mgr. de Laval, first bishop of Québec
He did not have any real political power, but at this time, the church had a big influence on the society. He also had a lot of influence on the state. Most social acts were controlled by the church. -
Great Peace of Montréal
The Amerindians had a big influence on the administrators of New France. The signing of the Great Peace of Montréal was between New France and 40 first nations. Both people were agreeing to not fight anymore. -
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War of the Conquest
The battle of the Plains of Abraham happened and Québec was now controlled by the British. In 1760, Montréal, the last city, capitulated. -
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British military regime
The military was in charge of the Province of Québec, it was under martial law, because the seven years war was still going on in Europe. -
Royal Proclamation
The British were now the rulers of the colony and needed to put in their first constitution. The goal of the Royal Proclamation was to assimilate the French-speaking Canadiens and make them British. It brought many new changes to the Province of Québec, such as the new government. The king and the British government were in England and in the Province of Québec were the governor and the executive council. -
Québec Act
The government was afraid that the french were going to rebel, so they made a new constitution that was nicer to the french. The english were not happy with this constitution. French civil laws were now put in place, as well as the recognition of the catholic faith and there was no longer an oath of allegiance. -
Constitutional Act
This act was put in place to make the loyalists and the french happy. The land was divided into Upper Canada (mostly english) and Lower Canada (mostly french). They each had their own legislative assemblies. -
92 Resolutions
The Parti Patriote created the 92 resolutions because they wanted Canada to have more autonomy and a more democratic system. They asked for the abolition of the power of veto, the election of the legislative council, the control of the budget by the legislative council and much more. -
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Rebellions in Lower Canada
The Patriotes weren't happy with the British. They held assemblies and boycotted the products imported from Great Britain. -
Act of Union
This constitution united Upper and Lower Canada. There was one government that controlled the whole colony. 42 elected member would represent Lower Canada and 42 elected members would represent Upper Canada. -
British North America Act
This act caused Canada to become a federation. There were four provinces that started it; Québec, Ontario, Nova Scotia and New Brunswick. Powers were separated between the federal and provincial governments. There was a Prime Minister for the Canadian government and the Québec government had a Premier. Each government was responsible for different authorities. -
Conscription Crisis
Many English-speaking canadiens enlisted in the army during World War I. The French-speaking canadiens were less interested in helping them because they weren't treated equally. There wasn't enough volunteers so the Canadian government imposed a conscription. The French-Canadiens weren't happy about this and it led to many protests which led to violence. -
Women's right to vote for a federal government
Women had the right to vote again for a federal government. They were still very far from being equal to men though. -
Maurice Duplessis, Premier of Québec
His ideas were based off of liberalism and French Canadian nationalism that favourited catholicism, agriculture and provincial autonomy. His government liked the non-interventionism of the state. Over the years people started to dislike him because he sold Québec's natural resources for cheap and put laws against unions. -
Padlock Act
This act was put in place to protect the province from communist propaganda. Duplessis did not like nor support unions because he thought that they were a communist idea. This law also slowed down union activities. -
Women's right to vote in Québec
Women finally got the right to vote provincially. After this, women's rights and equality were being recognized more. -
Conscription Crisis
The Prime Minister of Canada promised that he would not put in a conscription, but because of the many loss of lives, he had to. The majority of English-speaking canadiens agreed while the majority of French-speaking canadiens disagreed with this idea. A new political party was formed because of this, the Bloc Populaire. -
Nationalization of electricity
The Godbout Government nationalized electricity. Hydro-Québec took over the supply of energy on the island of Montréal. -
October crisis
The FLQ was a group of Québec nationalists who believed that they had to do violent things to get what they want. They launched many terrorist attacks to try and lead to Québec sovereignty. They kidnapped James Cross and Pierre Laporte (who they later murdered). The War Measures Act was implemented by Robert Bourassa and Pierre Trudeau to solve the crisis. -
Referendum on sovereignty-association
The Parti Québecois wanted Québec to be sovereign at a political level. There was a referendum to decide this and 59% said no so Québec did not become a sovereign province. -
Meech Lake Accord
It was an agreement between federal and provincial governments. The goal was to amend the Constitution by strengthening provincial powers and declaring Quebec a “distinct society”. It was an attempt to revise the Constitution and implement new rules to complement Quebec. The accord did not pass. -
Referendum on sovereignty
The Québec government had a second referendum on Québec sovereignty. The vote was closer this time, but still a no. -
"Paix des Braves" agreement
This agreement was between the Québec government and the Crees. This was in regards to the land that is now needed for development that belonged to the Cree. The agreement allows the Cree people to have jobs in regards to developing their land.
