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Dec 1, 1500
Matriarchy
In the Iroquois society, leadership and decision making was up to the women. -
Dec 1, 1500
Patriarchy
In the Algonquians society, the father of the family played a key role in leadership. -
Period: Dec 1, 1500 to
Official power and countervailing power
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Period: Dec 1, 1500 to
First Occupants
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The Coureurs Des Bois
The Coureurs Des Bois are French settlers who travel deep into the forest, and lived with the natives for most of the year, and traded with the Amerindians. -
Period: to
French Regime
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Absolute Monarchy
The king names administrators of the colony and can still reverse any decisions in which they make. -
Royal Goverment
Under the royal government, the King and the Minister of Marine would remain in France as the Sovereign Council. The council was made up of the following 3 members: The governer, the intendant, and the bishop.
1Governor-highest rank, commander of army, defense, dealt with external affairs (English colonies, Natives)
2-Intendant-most influential, chief administrator, controlled budget, collecting taxes, justice, seigniorial system, built roads, set up industries
3-Bishop-appointed by the Pope,ad -
Peace Treaty
The great peace treaty of Montreal was signed on August 4th, 1701, by Louis-Hector de Callière who at the time was the French Governor. The reason that this treaty was invented was for the New France, and the 40 firstnations of North-America. The French, allied to the Hurons and the Algonquians, provided 16 years of peaceful relations and trade before war started again. -
Fur Trade Fight
The french Hurons, which were the main french fur trade group, fought agaisnt the Iroquois for the fur trade territory, and the french lost. The English iroquois allied with the British and faught agaisnt the french Hurons, for control over the fur trade. They wiped out thr majority of the french Hurons. -
Period: to
British Regime
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Life In New France
-Settlers had happy lives but it was work. ex) Making clothes, fixing things
-Because New France was not really developing settlers took care of themselves
-In New France the people were very autonomous and by 1760 grew to become a distinct set of people called Canadien
These 3 people stayed after the British Conquest: Governer, seigneurs and censitaries
-Since there was distance from france, the King had less control. -
Articles Of Capitulation
4 important things in the article of capitulation:
1-The French Militia could return home, no one would lose their property
2-The French Regular military would lay down their arms and leave.
3-The people could practice the Roman Catholic. religion, but the Bishop would have to leave.
4-The people who stayed would become British Subjects. -
Treaty of Paris
The Treaty of Paris ended the 7 years war. All the New France territory was given to the King of England except St.Pierre, and Miquelon which are two small islands that were used for fishing. -
Royal Proclamation
There are a couple of imortant things that happened in the roayl proclamation:It gives the King’s new colony a name, The Province of Quebec.It decreases the borders to just around the St-Lawrence river valley. It put in place a civilian Government to run the new Colony: The King appointed a Governor who then appointed members of an Executive Council to advise him. And finally, the English Criminal and Civil laws were applied.The ultimate goal was to control and assimilate the French in Quebec. -
James Murray
James Murray was the first governor of the new colony.(Quebec) When he came to Quebec, he saw that the royal proclamation would not work because 99% of the population was French, and 1% was English. He needed to bend certain laws so that things would be able to function.The English merchants did not like what he was doing and they demanded a new governor. James Murray was replaced by Guy Carleton. -
Quebec act
These factors were in the Quebec act:
-Guarentees French loyalty
- Enlarges area of Quebec
-Denied an elected assembly
-Appointed Council
-French civil laws were installed, and tithe(tax) and seigniorial system are back
In conclussion, all of these factors made the Americans very upset -
Effects Of The Loyalists
When the loyalists arrived inCanada, they were a big impact in Cnada. For example, the English population in Quebec increased from 1% to 10%. They gave their settlements english names, they settled by township system, ect. -
Constitutional act
In 1791, the province of Quebec was split into 2 parts; upper Canada(English) and lower Canada(French).Lower Canada: French kept their religion, civil laws and people could work in the admin.
Upper Canada: Protestants, township system, English civil laws. With this constitution, there was a new government, representative government. -
Representative Governement
Image result for Representative Governmentfalkvinge.net
Representative government is a political system in which an elected assembly governs. Members of the assembly act as the people's representatives in government. -
Rebellions
1837-1838 rebellions;
Refusal of the 92 Resolutions: was seen as an act of disrespect. Upper Canada’s Rebellions, who was ran by sir William Lyon Mackenzie, put down quickly. Lower Canada’s Rebellion who was ran by sir Louis Joseph Papineau. After several battles St-Charles, St-Denis, St-Eustache the rebellion was put down.
In conclussion, the Patriotes lose. -
Lord Durham
Lord Durham was sent to the upper and lower Canada to see what to do about the rebellions.
His recommendations were:
-Britain should increase immigration=assimilate the French
-Unite Upper and Lower Canada
-Responsible Government should be installed
In conclussion, his idea’s were rejected. -
Union act
The Act of Union was passed by the British Parliament in July 1840 and proclaimed 10 February 1841. It united the colonies of Upper Canada and Lower Canada under one government, creating the Province of Canada. -
Period: to
Contemporary Period
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3 Conferences
There were 3 conferences after the union act:
1)Charlottetown(1864): No agreements, but they discussed ideas, and said it would be a good idea if they merge.
2) Quebec(1864):Made all of the rules
3)London(1867): Final conference where all the rules and everything was sorted out.
