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First Submarine
Created by Dutch physician Cornelis Drebbel, made with wood and reinforced with iron that was then covered with leather. There would be six oarsmen on each side of the boat. The oars stick out on the sides of the boat through tight leather sleeves that kept the water out. He made several trips in this submarine in Thames River at a depth of up to 15 feet. (military) -
Speculations on Deep Sea life
Edward Forbes, a British naturalist had a belief that life can't exist 1,800 feet deep in the sea.This declaration started a 20 year debate about weather or not it's possible to have an existence of a lifeless zone in the ocean, which was known as the azoic zone. This idea has long since been proven to be false.( scientific research) -
Discovery Of Deep Sea Life
Edward Forbes question caused a 20 year debate his theory was called into question when Louis Francois de Pourtales who was a part of the U.S Coast Survey examines Coast Survey sounding operations that indicated life in depths over 6,000 feet.(scientific research) -
The HMS Lightning and Porcupine
Wyville Thomson dredges from the HMS Lighting and Porcupine that discovered life as far as 14,000 feet which completely exploded Edward Forbe's theory of the lifeless azoic zone below 1,800 feet. (scientific research) -
First Oceanographic Research Vessel
Albatross was the first vessel built by any government for the of oceanographic research. It was an iron hulled twin screw steamer that conducted serious marine research for nearly 40 years until 1921 when it finally withdrew from service. (scientific research) -
Creating Sea Surface Maps
TOPEX/Poseidon, which is a joint venture between CNES and NASA, began mapping out and measured the oceans surface of the sea with an accuracy of 4.2cm. They then measured ocean surface topography. (navigation) -
Deepest Ocean Point found
The HMS Challenger which is a British ship, bounced sound waves off the ocean bottom and located what seemed to be the sea's deepest point. The depth of the deepest point found is 35,856 feet which was named Challenger Deep. It's located in the Pacific Ocean off the coast of the Marianas Island. This site today is known as the Mariana Trench. (scientific research) -
Discovery of Magnetic Striping on Ocean Floor
The discovery found from the U.S coast and Geodetic Survey ship Pioneer, during a joint project with the U.S Navy and the Scripps Institution of Oceanography found a discovery that adds a key element to the theory of plate tectonics. It pulled the first marine magnetometer and found the magnetic striping on the seafloor in the West Coast. (military/scientific research) -
Creating Seafloor Maps
Data from a U.S Navy Earth observation satellite lead to a mapping of the seafloor worldwide. (military/navigation) -
The Bathyscaphe Trieste
The Bathyscaphe Trieste is a vehicle that descended to the Challenger Deep, which is more than 35,800 feet below the ocean's surface. Before the 2012 deep sea challenge, the Trieste remained the only vehicle that successfully reach such depths. (scientific research)
