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Tariff of 1828 (Tariff of Abominations)
In May 1828, the United States passed the Tariff of 1828. The Tariff of 1828 was an especially protective tariff. Due to the Tariff of 1828, products imported had rose to 38-45%. This was bad for Southern states but good for North states with industry. Unexpectedly, the bill had succeeded, despite being planned to fail since proponents of free trade believed it would harm both industry and agriculture. -
South Carolina Exposition & Protest
The South Carolina Exposition and Protest was passed in December 1828, written by John C. Calhoun. The protest letter was written in opposition to the Tariff of 1828, also referred to as the Tariff of Abominations. The Tariff of 1828 stated that a state has the power to reject federal legislation. -
Webster - Hayne Debate
The Webster-Hayne debate took place on January 19, 1830, in the United States between Senator of Massachusetts (Daniel Webster), and Senator of South Carolina (Robert Y. Hayne). The topic of protectionist tariffs was discussed. The phrase "Liberty and union, now and forever, one and inseparable," from the speech, is also well-known along with his description of the U.S. government, "made for the people, made by the people, and answerable to the people". -
Tariff of 1832 (Tariff of Abominations)
On July 13th, 1832, the Tariff of 1832, a protectionist tariff, was passed. The issue that the Tariff of 1828 had created was addressed by the Tariff of 1832. It eased the tension brought on by the Tariff of 1828 by lowering the existing rates, but some in the South, particularly in South Carolina, found it lacking. -
Jackson's Proclamation Against Nullification
On December 10th, 1832, Jackson questioned a state's authority to overturn a federal statute in a Proclamation to the People of South Carolina, which is why he wrote his Proclamation against Nullification. Jackson's proclamation was a response to a South Carolina convention's ordinance that stated that the tariff acts of 1828 and 1832 are unconstitutional. -
Tariff of 1833 (Compromise Tariff)
The Tariff of 1833, or in other words the Compromise Tariff, was written by Henry Clay, whom was Senator at the time, to exceed at least 20% of the value of imported goods. The nullification controversy was finally resolved after tariffs were reduced over the course of the following ten years and approved by South Carolina. -
The Force Bill
On March 2nd, 1833, the Force Bill was passed by the United States Congress. This bill empowered the president to impose import duty collection using the military in the event that a state failed to abide by federal tariffs. -
South Carolina Repeal of Nullification
On March 11th, 1833, the South Carolina Repeal of Nullification was passed by the United States Congress. The purpose of South Carolina's Repeal of Nullification was to nullify the Force Bill.