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The Tariff of 1828
The Tariff of 1828, also known as the Tariff of Abominations, was a protective tariff in order to aid manufacturing. However this tariff seemed to only benefit the Northern manufacturers by giving protection only to them. This resulted in the Southern being hurt so they resented the tariff. -
South Carolina Exposition and Protest
Written by John C. Calhoun, the South Carolina Exposition was written to express the unhappiness of the south with the tariff of 1828. Calhoun argues that the tariff was unconstitutional and suggested that the states gather together to protest and nullify the tariff. -
Webster-Hayne Debate
The Webster Hayne Debate was between New Hampshire Senator Daniel Webster and South Carolina Senator Robert Young Hayne. The debate took place on January 19–27, 1830. They highlighted the controversy of protectionist tariffs. Webster was arguing for in favor of the Union while Hayne just wanted the tariff nullified. -
Tariff of 1832
Enacted on July 13, 1832, the Tariff of 1832 was referred to as a protection tariff of the United States. Congress passed the Tariff of 1832. in an attempt to resolve conflicts with the South with the past Tariff of 1828. The tariff brought no relief to the South Carolina position. -
Ordinance of Nullification
The Ordinance of Nullification was passed by South Carolina which declared that the 1828 and 1832 Tariffs were unconstitutional and null and void within the borders of the state. Their reasoning was based on the doctrine of nullification that Vice President John C. Calhoun constructed. This doctrine provided the basis for the Confederate political ideology. -
Nullification Proclamation
President Andrew Jackson took immediate action. He issued a proclamation to the people of South Carolina that disputed a states' right to nullify a federal law proclamation. The Proclamation was issued December 10, 1832. -
The Compromise Tariff
In 1833, Henry Clay helped make a compromise bill with Calhoun that slowly lowered tariffs over the next decade. The Compromise Tariff of 1833 was eventually accepted by South Carolina and ended the nullification crisis. -
The Force Bill
The Force Bill was a law passed by the U.S. Congress on March 2, 1833, that gave the president the power to use the military to enforce the collection of import duties if a state refused to comply with federal tariffs. This allowed for the ability of the president to extend their powers by collecting taxes, tariffs, import duties, and other revenues due to the federal government.