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Tariff of 1824
Passed by Henry Clay, The second protective tariff during the 19th century, The Tariff of 1824 was designed to protect the American Industry from that of the British. It specifically targeted commodities that were originally cheaper in Britain: Iron products, wool and cotton textiles, and agricultural goods. Henry Clay had two motivations for passing this tariff: protect and encourage American manufacturing while gaining federal revenue & politically gain support from NE manufacturing sites. -
Tariff of 1828
Also called the tariff of abominations, John Quincy Adams approved this tariff and it was soon passed by congress, in an effort to protect northern industry from foreign goods as they were relatively cheaper. However, the tariff would raise the cost of living in the south and cut into the profits of the New England industrialists. -
South Carolina Exposition
Also known as Calhoun's exposition, this was written by John C. Calhoun during his vice presidency to John Quincy Adams. The document stated that if the Tariff of 1828 was not repealed, then South Carolina would secede from the union. The document also explained why South Carolina was taking this course of action. According to Calhoun's explanation, the tariff was a threat to the state's economy; therefore, state constituional conventions had the right to declare the federal law unconstitutional -
Tariff of 1832
Put into affect in order to reduce the existing tariffs, specifically the effects of the Tariff of 1828 which was greatly opposed by the South. However, the tariff was still seen to be useless by many in the south, especially South Carolina. Though the tariff reduced the effects of the those behind it, it still did not benefit the south as much as it did the Northern textile industry. This resulted in continued conflicts between the north and the south pertaining to the tariffs. -
South Carolina Nullification
The meeting of a convention lead to the agreement that the Tariffs of 1828 and 1832 were officially void in South Carolina. South Carolina also threatened that if the United States, the federal government, were to get involved in the state's nullification then South Carolina would secede from the union. -
Jackson's Proclamation Against Nullification
In response to South Carolina's nullification of the tariffs, Andrew Jackson delivered a proclamation to the people of South Carolina in which he explained that the nullification of a federal law is not only against the constitution, but it's also treason against the United States. The threat of secession of South Carolina from the union would disrupt the unification of the states and therefore destroy the United States of America; treason. This later lead to Jackson's use of force. -
Hayne's Counter Proclamation
In response to Jackson's proclamation to South Carolina pertaining to their right of nullifying a federal law, Hayne proclaimed that States had the right to nullify a law if they deemed it unconstitutional. This resulted in Jackson being illustrated as the antagonist and placing the South in an excellent position of possible secession. -
Force Bill
Enacted by Congress with the encouraging of then President Andrew Jackson, the Force Bill was comprised of eight sections and extended the power of the President. It was purposefully designed to force South Carolina into submission of the tariffs recently passed by congress. The Force Bill also gave President Jackson the right to send the U.S. army to South Carolina if he deemed that the state wasn't complying with federal law. -
Clay's Compromise
Proposed by Henry Clay with the help of John C. Calhoun, Clay's compromise was placed in the form of a tariff that would be named the Tariff of 1833. The tariff was very similar to the Tariff of 1832; however, the Tariff of 1833 promised that all tariff rates exceeding 20% would decline by 1/10 every 2 years. This forced import tariffs to drop, thus pleasing SC and the rest of the south who relied on cheap imports. It also included raw materials to be imported duty free & duties paid in cash. -
South Carolina Repeal of Nullification
After the passing of the Tariff of 1833, the South Carolina convention met once again in order to repeal the Tariff Nullification Ordinance that it had previously passed. The convention then nullified the Force Bill. This marked the end of the Nullification Crisis.
