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Discovery of NMR Phenomenon
NMR is founded upon the discovery of magnetic resonance in atomic nuclei by Isidor Isaac Rabi, who was investigating the magnetic characteristics of atomic beams. He discovered that when put in a magnetic field, atomic nuclei with an odd number of protons or neutrons have a magnetic moment and may absorb and release radiofrequency energy. -
Discovery of NMR Phenomenon
The concepts of NMR spectroscopy are separately developed by Felix Bloch and Edward Mills Purcell, who shared the 1952 Nobel Prize in Physics for their work. They show that they can identify NMR signals from a variety of materials, including liquids and solids. -
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Development of NMR Spectroscopy and Advancements in Instrumentation
Scientists started creating NMR spectroscopy methods to investigate biological and chemical processes. This required improving the equipment and techniques for identifying the NMR signals from various nuclei. Significant improvements in NMR apparatus were found in the 1950s and 60s,including the creation of high-field magnets, improved radiofrequency coils, and more sensitive detectors. These advancements made it possible to analyze molecular structures at finer resolution and in greater detail. -
Influence in Chemistry and medicine
NMR spectroscopy emerged as a potent instrument in chemistry during the 1970s, allowing researchers to examine chemical reactions and determine molecular structures. It was also used in medicine, mainly in the area of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), which makes use of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) principles to provide finely detailed images of internal body components. -
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Introduction of multi dimensional NMR techniques
1980s–1990s: The development of multi-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) methods, such as 2D and 3D NMR, transforms structural biology by making it possible to determine the intricate structures of complex biomolecules, such as proteins and nucleic acids. Additionally, NMR-based methods are employed to research nuclear dynamics and image nuclear spins in materials. -
Development of solidstate NMR techniques
Advances in materials science, chemistry, and geology were made possible by the development of solid-state NMR techniques in the early to mid-2000s. These techniques allowed for the study of materials with poor mobility or in crystalline form.
The development of dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) methods has improved the sensitivity of NMR signals in solid-state and solution NMR, allowing for the study of materials and biomolecules to previously unheard-of levels. -
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Late 2000s and early 2010s
growth of NMR applications in structural biology, proteomics, and metabolomics, made possible by advancements in high-field NMR equipment and automation of data collection and processing. creation of hyperpolarization methods to improve NMR signals in liquid-state NMR, such as dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization (D-DNP) and parahydrogen-induced polarization (PHIP), allowing for the study of fast dynamic processes and real-time metabolic imaging -
Nobel Prizes
Due to their contributions to the creation of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), a medical imaging method based on nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), Paul Lauterbur and Peter Mansfield are given the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. -
Mid 2010
The sensitivity and resolution of investigations of large biomolecular complexes have been improved by developments in proton detection techniques for biomolecular NMR, such as proton-detection experiments with non-uniform sampling (NUS) and sparse sampling strategies. -
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Late 2010s - Early 2020s
Combining nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) with electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and mass spectrometry allows for multi-modal molecular imaging and characterisation in biological and biomedical research. -
2013
The development of ultrafast MAS (magic angle spinning) NMR methods, which can spin samples faster than 100 kHz, has increased resolution and sensitivity in solid-state NMR analyses of biomolecules and complex materials.