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3150 BCE
Unification of Egypt - Shaye
The unification of upper and lower Egypt was a huge event that took place in the year (c. 3150 BC). It led to many benefits for the country, such as significant advancements in writing, arts, and architectural buildings. The entire event was caused by Menes (otherwise known as Narmer), who as an upper Egyptian, was able to conquer lower Egypt. As a result, he influenced their union, and became the first king of the unified areas. Egypt was since then referred to as a single kingdom. -
3100 BCE
Writing - Shaye
The use of hieroglyphics began in the year c. 3100 BC. It was Egypt’s main form of writing, and it was heavily influenced by drawings and images, which were then used as meanings, transforming the art into a sort of language. Hieroglyphics were often used on papyrus, due to the fact that it was an easily findable material from near the Nile river. This form of writing was lost for many years, until 1822, when Champollion was able to decipher the Rosetta Stone. -
1700 BCE
Kush's Thrive - Nik
Kush was a rich and powerful kingdom in Kerma. It traded with Egypt a lot, but they also fought sometimes. Because of its location and wealth, Kush became an important kingdom in the region. Other countries paid attention to Kush because it was so successful. Its position made it a key place for trade and culture, and that’s why it was such a big deal in the ancient world. -
898 BCE
Kush's Freedom - Nik
Kush eventually gained its freedom and made Napata its capital. Later, the capital was moved to Meroë, which became a strong and powerful city. During this time, Kushite kings became so powerful that they ruled Egypt as the 25th Dynasty. This showed just how strong Kush was. Even after they lost control of Egypt, Kush remained an important and wealthy kingdom. Kush grew rich from trade and iron making, and its culture stayed important for a long time. -
31
Kush Trade Routes - Chris
One powerful kingdom from the 31st AD was the Kingdom of Kush. The Kingdom of Kush was a really powerful kingdom located in Meroë. Meroe is like a modern-day Sudan. The kingdom of Kush owned trade routes along the Nile, and it had access to resources like iron and gold. This caused problems with neighboring kingdoms, which led to fights. One of the neighboring kingdoms was Ancient Egypt. But then, it all settled down and the Kingdom of Kush continued trading and kept their Trade routes. -
641
Muslims vs. Pelusium - Chris
In 641 AD, Muslim forces led by Amr ibn al-As initiated the conquest of Egypt, which was then under Byzantine rule. These Muslim forces, led by Amir Inb al-as, first attacked Pelusium, a city in Egypt. They fought there for about two months before winning. This led to cultural and religious changes. This brought Islam to the region, and it made Egypt part of the growing Islamic Caliphate. This conquest helped spread Islam to nearby areas, making them bigger. -
1500
Egypt's Rule - Nik
Egypt took control of Kush. They ruled it for a long time. Egyptian religion, art, and language greatly impacted Kush’s people. The two cultures mixed, and Kush became more like Egypt in so many different ways. Even though Kush was ruled by Egypt, it stayed important. This time changed Kush’s history a lot. The history that was changed included buildings, culture, and traditions. Over time, Kush also started adopting Egyptian gods and practices, creating a unique blend of the two civilizations. -
Europe's Weakness - Chris
During World War II, African colonies were deeply involved, which influenced their independence paths. World War II weakened Europe economically. This situation led to demands to self-governance across Africa, and African soldiers played a role in the independence movement as well. Many troops who served in theaters of the war returned with political awareness and determination. World War II helped speed up the push for African independence, making colonialism decline and lead to more countries. -
Wars and Government Changes - Grace
In the 1950s, Libya declared its independence. It had previously been part of Italy, but when it gained independence, this gave it the ability to make its own rules, military, and more! Egypt's government changed for the better. In Sudan, there was a war between the south and the north. Because of all these changes, Chad became a part of Italy replacing Libya. Libya retaliated by getting rid of all Italians from their country, and this caused many upset citizens, leaving them without a home. -
Sudan Protests and War - Grace
Libya got involved with the Sudan war. Libya wanted a solution to the war. They ended up writing a treaty, and it ended the war. Even though the conflict ended, there were still protests killing many people. These people that died felt very passionate about their country and wanted certain laws, government decisions, and rules be made. During these wars, Sudanians fled from their country to Egypt. This brought thousands of new people! Oil was found in Chad later on and was fought over as well.