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Dred Scott V Sandford
Dred Scott was a slave in Missouri. He stayed in Illinois during the Missouri compromise where slavery was forbidden. He went to court after going back to Missouri to fight for his freedom, claiming he was a free man because he lived in a free territory. The court ruled that any "Negros" or anyone descendant of slaves do not have rights -
13th amendment
This amendment made slavery and any involuntary forms of work unconstitutional and entirely forbidden within the states -
14th amendment
This amendment grants citizenship to everyone born or naturalized in the united states, automatically making all former slaves that had been freed after the civil war -
Poll taxes
Poll taxes were implemented after 1868 after former slaves got the right to vote. The taxes were to ensure the wouldn't be able to vote at all, as they were all basically without money after finally obtaining freedom -
15th amendment
Granted African American men (specifically) the right to vote, saying their past history and skin color should not interfere with whether or not they can vote -
White Primaries
A method used by white democrats to keep most minority voters from being able to vote at all by passing laws and constitutions to keep them out of it. Essentially, it was to make it so nearly all the votes coming in were from white men instead of minorities -
Plessy v Fergusen
Plessy vs Fergusen was a landmark decision of the U.S. Supreme Court that upheld the constitutionality of racial segregation laws for public facilities as long as the segregated facilities were equal in quality – a doctrine that came to be known as "separate but equal". The decision legitimized the many state laws re-establishing racial segregation. -
19th amendment
The Nineteenth Amendment to the US Constitution declares that “The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex. Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.” -
equal rights amendments
finally guaranteed equal rights for all races, sexes, and religions in america. It's meant to help end legal differences between men and women on poverty, divorce and other issues -
brown v board
Brown vs Board was the U.S. Supreme Court in which the Court ruled that U.S. state laws establishing racial segregation in public schools are unconstitutional, even if the segregated schools are otherwise equal in quality.their decision stated that the educational facilities are inherently unequal, and therefore violate the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment of the Constitution. -
24th amendment
The right of citizens of the United States to vote in any primary or other election for President or Vice President for electors for President or Vice President, or for Senator or Representative in Congress, shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or any State by reason of failure to pay any poll tax or other tax. -
civil rights act
a civil rights labor law that outlawed discrimination based off of race, color, religion and sex. -
Voting Rights Act
The Voting Rights Act of 1965 is a landmark piece of federal legislation in the United States that prohibits racial discrimination in voting. It was signed into law by United States President Lyndon B. Johns during the height of the civil rights movement on August 6, 1965, Designed to enforce the voting rights guaranteed by the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments to the United States -
affirmative action
The act of favoring certain groups that have been discriminated against in the past over others. This idea alone is unconstitutional, because it is choice based off of skin color rather than character, ultimately discriminating the other side anyway -
reed v reed
equal protection case that ruled the administrators of estates cant be named in a way that discriminates between sexes. Sally and Cecil Reed both wanted to try and take over their adopted son's estate after he died. the Idaho probate code specified that "males must be preferred to females" when it comes to appointing administrators of estates. Of course, Cecil challenged this -
California v Bakke
was a landmark decision by the Supreme Court of the United States. It upheld affirmative action, allowing race to be one of several factors in college admission policy. Although the Supreme Court had outlawed segregation in schools, they did add to integration by having a set number of sets that minority's would fill. -
Bowers v Hardwick
Bowers vs Hardwick is a United States Supreme Court decision that upheld,the constitutionality of a Georgia sodomy law criminalizing oral and anal sex in private between consenting adults, in this case with respect to homosexual "actions"., though the law did not differentiate between homosexual sex and heterosexual sex. -
Americans with disabilities act
The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) became law in 1990. The ADA is a civil rights law that prohibits discrimination against individuals with disabilities in all areas of public life, including jobs, schools, transportation, and all public and private places that are open to the general public. -
Lawrence v Texas
Lawrence vs Texas was a landmark decision of the U.S. Supreme Court in which the Court ruled that American laws prohibiting private homosexual activity between consenting adults are unconstitutional. The Court reaffirmed the concept of a "right to privacy" that earlier cases, such as Roe v. Wade, had found the U.S. Constitution provides, Yay for gay rights. -
Obergefell v. Hodges
The supreme court ruled it's a fundamental right for same-sex couples to marry by the Due Process and Equal Amendment clauses of the 14th amendment
