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civil disobedience
the refusal to obey certain laws or governmental demands for the purpose of influencing legislation or government policy,characterized by the employment of such nonviolent techniques as boycotting, picketing, nonpayment of taxes. shall we be content to obey them, or shall we endeavor to amend them, obey them until we have succeeded, or shall we transgress them at Men, generally, under such a government as this, think that they ought to wait until they have persuaded the majority to alter them. -
sharecropping/Tenant Farming
Sharecropping is a system of agriculture in which a landowner allows a tenant to use the land in return for a share of the crops produced on the land. Sharecropping has a long history and there are a wide range of different situations and types of agreements that have used a form of the system. Some are governed by tradition, and others by law. -
13th amendment
Passed by Congress on January 31, 1865, and ratified on December 6, 1865, the 13th amendment abolished slavery in the United States and provides that "Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction.". -
Black codes
These measures, differing from state to state, were actually revisions of the earlier slave codes that had regulated that institution. Freedmen were not to be taught to read or write ,Public facilities were segregated ,Violators of these laws were subject to being whipped or branded. Existence of the black codes was taken as evidence by many Northerners. -
14th amendment
"all persons born in the United States...excluding Indians not taxed...." were citizens and were to be given "full and equal benefit of all laws. It was ratified on july 9th 1868. -
15th amendment
The 15th Amendment to the Constitution granted African American men the right to vote by declaring that the "right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any state on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude." Although ratified on February 3, 1870, the promise of the 15th Amendment would not be fully realized for almost a century. -
jim crow laws
Jim Crow Laws condemned black citizens to inferior treatment and facilities. Education was segregated as were public facilities such as hotels and restaurants under Jim Crow Laws.The remnants of the Jim Crow system were finally abolished in the 1960s through the efforts of the Civil Rights Movement -
Lynching
to put to death, especially by hanging, by mob action and without legal authority. A lot of African Americans got hung. -
Plessy v. Ferguson
this 1896 u.s supreme court case was upheld the constitutionity under the "seperat but equal" doctrine. It stemmed from an 1892 incident in which African-American train passenger Homer Plessy refused to sit in a Jim Crow car, breaking a Louisiana law. the Court ruled that a state law that “implies merely a legal distinction” between whites and blacks did not conflict with the 13th and14th Amendments. -
Rosa Parks
Rosa Parks was a lady who held fight for equal rights in Alabama. Rosa Parks was known for not giving up her seat to a white man. She was sitting in the black section but even though she was sitting in the black section she had to give up her seat if a white person had requested for that seat. -
19th amendment
The 19th Amendment of the U.S. Constitution guaranteed women the right to vote. Often referred as the Susan B. Anthony amendment, the 19th Amendment was passed by Congress on June 4, 1919 by a vote of 56 to 25 in the Senate; ratified by the necessary 36 states (with Tennessee as the last state to vote for passage on August 18, 1920); and proclaimed as part of the Constitution of the United States on August 26, 1920. -
ceaser chavez
Union leader and labor organizer Cesar Chavez dedicated his life to improving treatment, pay and working conditions for farm workers. he joined the navy. He then went to the feild and started the native american assosiaction. he died april 23 1993 -
20th amenmendment
The terms of the President and Vice President shall end at noon on the 20th day of January (After an election year, the president and vice president end their term on January 20) and the terms of Senators and Representatives at noon on the 3d day of January (Congressmen end their term earlier, on January ..of the years in which such terms would have ended if this article had not been ratified; and the terms of their successors shall then begin. (these dates, effective after an el -
federal housing authority
stands for (FHA). The FHA has insured over 35 million home mortgages and 47,205 multifamily project mortgages since 1934. Currently, FHA has 4.8 million insured single-family mortgages and 13,000 insured multifamily projects in its portfolio. The Underwriting Handbook used by the FHA endorsed the practice of redlining, which marked African-American neighborhoods as ineligible for FHA mortgages. -
desegregation
desegregation is the proccess of ending the seperation of two groups usually referring race. When all races can be together in the same room, talk to each other, play, share things with out somone telling them they cant or they dont belong. schools started to desegregate in 1954. -
Brown v Board
The case that came to be known as Brown v. Board of Education was actually the name given to five separate cases that were heard by the U.S. Supreme Court concerning the issue of segregation in public schools. When the cases came before the Supreme Court in 1952, the Court consolidated all five cases under the name of Brown v. Board of Education. Marshall personally argued the case before the Court. Although he raised a variety of legal issues on appeal. -
Montgomery Bus Boycott
Montgomery bus boycott,
Parks, Rosa
mass protest against the bus system of Montgomery, Alabama, by civil rights activists and their supporters that led to a 1956 Supreme Court decision declaring that Montgomery’s segregation laws on buses were unconstitutional.The event that triggered the boycott took place in Montgomery on December 1, 1955, after seamstress Rosa Parks refused to give her seat to a white passenger on a city bus. it ended in December 20, 1956 -
civil rights act 1957
The Civil Rights Act of 1957 was introduced in Eisenhower’s presidency and was the act that kick-started thecivil rights legislative programme that was to include the 1964 Civil Rights Act and the 1965 Voting Rights Act. Eisenhower had not been known for his support of the civil rights movement. Rather than lead the country on the issue, he had to respond to problems such as in Little Rock. -
Sit-ins
The four freshmen at the North Carolina Agricultural and Technical College were black, and this lunch counter was segregated. Still, as one of the students told UPI, "We believe, since we buy books and papers in the other part of the store, we should get served in this part." When they were forced to leave as the store closed, they still had not been served. -
nonviolent protest
The youth organized the Student Non-violent Coordinating Committee (called "snic") which helped protest for equality; however, the group became fustrated by the lack of progress. SNCC tactics were more militant and extreme. Members laters helped found and joined the Black Panthers. -
affirmative action
Clause of the 14th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution. In its 40-year history, Affirmative Action has attempted to rid America of discrimination against minorities and women, sometimes at the cost of what has been labeled “reverse discrimination” towards white men. Such race-conscious Affirmative Action programs have been the source of much controversy and sometimes violent protests.One key case in understanding the Civil Rights Act and its intentions was the Griggs v. Duke Power Company case. -
24th amendment
The 24th amendment was important to the Civil Rights Movement as it ended mandatory poll taxes that prevented many African Americans. -
head start
Part of the government’s thinking on poverty was influenced by new research on the effects of poverty, as well as on the impacts of education. This research indicated an obligation to help disadvantaged groups, compensating for inequality in social or economic conditions. Head Start was designed to help break the cycle of poverty, providing preschool children of low-income families with a comprehensive program to meet their emotional, social, health, nutritional and psychological needs. -
civil rights act of 1964
The Civil Rights Act of 1964 is the nation's premier civil rights legislation. The Act outlawed discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, or national origin, required equal access to public places and employment, and enforced desegregation of schools and the right to vote. It did not end discrimination, but it did open the door to further progress. Although the 13th, 14th, and 15th amendments outlawed slavery, provided for equal protection under the law, guaranteed protection -
George Wallace
With this assassin's knife and a blackjack in the hand of the Federal force-cult, the left-wing liberals will try to force us back into bondage. Bondage to a tyranny more brutal than that imposed by the British monarchy which claimed power to rule over the lives of our forefathers under sanction of the Divine Right of kings. has deprived the American people of the right to use the unit system of representation in their own state governments for the accommodation of large districts of people. -
Veteran rights act 1965
The Voting Rights Act of 1965 was passed in response to Jim Crow laws and other restrictions of minorities' voting rights at the time, primarily in the Deep South. The Act has undergone several changes and additions since its passage, but the U.S. Supreme Court found a key provision of the Act unconstitutional in 2013. By 1965, concerted efforts to break the grip of voter disfranchisement in certain states had been under way for some time, but had achieved only modest success overall. -
upward bound
Upward Bound is a product of the Civil Rights Movement. It is one of the concessions won from the federal government to assure low-income students equal access to institutions of higher learning. The central idea behind Upward Bound is that students from traditionally underrepresented groups will be prepared to successfully compete in post-secondary institutions by providing them with a simulated college experience rich in academic and motivational support. -
Martin Luther King Jr.
Martin Luther king led the civil rights movements form the mid-1950s til his death. Martin saw people as people not by the color of his/her skin and he was trying to get people to know that . He saw everyone was equal no matter of the color of the skin. -
26th amendment
When you turn 18 you will be able to vote in all elections, be it state, local or federal. However, the voting age was not always 18. The move to lower the voting age was the last barrier on voting that was corrected by an amendment to the Constitution. -
title ix
On June 23, 1972, the President signed Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972, 20 U.S.C. §1681 et seq., into law. Title IX is a comprehensive federal law that prohibits discrimination on the basis of sex in any federally funded education program or activity.In addition to traditional educational institutions all types of schools, Title IX also applies to any education or training program operated by a recipient of federal financial assistance. -
Thurgood Marshall
he was a supreme court justice and civil rights advocate. First, as legal counsel for the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), he guided the litigation that destroyed the legal underpinnings of Jim Crow segregation. Second, as an associate justice of the Supreme Court–the nation’s first black justice–he crafted a distinctive jurisprudence marked by uncompromising liberalism. -
Orville Faubus
Orval Eugene Faubus was an American politician who served as the Governor of Arkansas, serving from 1955 to 1967. A Democrat, he is best known for his 1957 stand against the desegregation of the Little Rock School District during the Little Rock Crisis, in which he defied a unanimous decision of the United States Supreme Court by ordering the Arkansas National Guard to stop black students from attending Little Rock Central High School. -
hector p, garcia
Forum, a non-profit organization created to ensure that Hispanic veterans receive their benefits entitled under the G.I. Bill of Rights of 1944. He used judicial courts and the political system to fight all forms of discrimination against Hispanics, and his skills as a doctor to provide health care for the less privileged. He received from President Ronald Reagan in 1984 the Presidential Medal of Freedom. -
Lester Madox
The Pickrick was noted for the quality of its fried chicken and for its reasonable prices, but Mr. Maddox was determined that no black should experience the ambience that he had reserved exclusively for whites. When the three black men tried to buy some of his chicken in July 1964, Mr. Maddox waved a pistol at them and said: "You no good dirty devils! You dirty Communists!" -
BETTY FRIEDAN
she was a writter she was an author of the feminine mystique.with her thoughts on the women's movement. She urged the movement to avoid acting in ways that made it difficult for "mainstream" men and women to identify with feminism. By the 1980s she was more critical of the focus on "sexual politics" among feminists. She published The Second Stage in 1981. In her 1963 book Friedan wrote of the "feminine mystique" and the housewife's question, "Is this all?"
