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2550 BCE
Mesopotamia (a.c)
Plimpton 322 is a Babylonian clay tablet, notable as containing an example of Babylonian mathematics. It has number 322 in the G.A. Plimpton Collection at Columbia University. This tablet, believed to have been written about 1800 BC, has a table of four columns and 15 rows of numbers in the cuneiform scrict of the period. -
2000 BCE
Mesopotamia (a.c)
Ábaco= It is believed that the Mesopotamian Abacus was also used by the Babylonians approximately between the year 2700 and the year 2600 BC. Unfortunately to date the origin of the abacus, is unclear; that is to say in this respect different recent and old historians have different hypotheses about it, some of them agree that the origin of the Mesopotamian Abacus; This fabulous and primitive tool of calculation and computation had its origin in India, Mesopotamia and Egypt. -
500 BCE
Precolombia (a.c
Mesoamerican calendar: For the Mesoamerican peoples, time was a sacred element, a creation of the gods, who had also provided them with a calendar -invented in the Nahuatl worldview by Oxomoco and Cipactónal-, which allowed them not only to record significant events in their history, but also structure your daily and ritual life. -
John Napier
Napier´s bones: It would be in the early seventeenth century when the Scottish mathematician John Napier invented this device, which consisted of a series of wooden bars containing multiplication tables, thus avoiding the memorization of them and was of great help in the realization of multiplication and division operations with a high number of figures. -
Wilhem Schickard
The calculating clock,the first one built could perform, through totally mechanical methods, the four elementary arithmetic operations: add, subtract, multiply and divide. -
Edmund Wintage
The calculation rule is a calculation tool that acts like an analog computer. It has several mobile numerical scales that facilitate the fast and convenient execution of complex arithmetic operations, such as multiplications, divisions, etc. Their scales have been modified in order to be adapted to specific fields of use, such as civil engineering, electronics, construction, aeronautics and aerospace, finance, etc. -
Blaise Pascal
Pascalina= The pascalina was the first calculator that worked based on wheels and gears, invented in 1642 by the French philosopher and mathematician Blaise Pascal (1623-1662). The first name he gave his invention was "arithmetic machine." Then he called it "pascalina wheel", and finally "pascalina". This invention is the remote ancestor of the current computer. -
Sir Samuel Morlan
his multiplication machine served as an aid for multiplication and division; and bases its operation on the same principles that John Napier's bones do. It consisted of a flat bronze plate with a perforated articulated gate and several semi-circular points on which flat discs could be placed. The disks were simply a circular version of Napier's bones -
Wilhelm Leibniz
1º aritmetic machine. The system is based on a fluted cylinder. To perform the movement of the cylinders there are movable cogwheels, this mobility is used for the assignment of values, by means of buttons for this purpose. Once indicated the value, by means of a crank we will produce the necessary movement to carry out the operation (addition or subtraction depending on the direction of the turn). In this way, the result of the operation was obtained. -
Joseph Jacquard
Perforated card = 1st memory Perforated cards were used for The first time around 1725 by Basile Bouchon and Jean-Baptiste Falcon as a more robust form of the perforated paper rolls used at the time to control textile looms in France. This technique was greatly improved by Joseph Marie Jacquard on his Jacquard loom in 1855 -
Charles Babbage
1st Analytical Machine = About 175 years ago, Charles Babbage conceived a general purpose machine, which could be programmed by the user to execute a repertoire of instructions in the desired order. The design of the so-called "Analytical Engine", of a mechanical nature, includes most of the logical parts of a current computer. Capable of storing 1000 numbers of 50 digits each, it could never be built by Babbage, since at that time the available technology was not up to the project. -
Ada Lovelace
Ada Lovelace was an English mathematician and writer, chiefly known for her work on Charles Babbage's proposed mechanical general-purpose computer, the Analytical Engine. She was the first to recognise that the machine had applications beyond pure calculation, and published the first algorithm intended to be carried out by such a machine. As a result, she is sometimes regarded as the first to recognise the full potential of a "computin machine" and the first computer programmer. -
George Boole
Boolean algebra and binary coding. In the middle of the 19th century, the English mathematician George Boole set out to use the techniques of algebra to solve problems of propositional logic. This science, as you probably know, studies the processes of our mind follows to draw conclusions from premises. Above there, try to find out if those processes are valid or not, to determine if the conclusions we have established are true (represented by a 1) or false (represented by a 0). -
Herman Hollerith
first tabulatin machine Hollerith observed that most of the questions contained in the census could be answered with binary options: YES or NO, open or closed. Then he devised a perforated card, a card composed of 80 columns with 2 positions, which answered these types of questions. -
Leonardo Torres Quevedo
The machine presents two innovations: The use of the logarithmic scale and the "Spindles without end" created by Quevedo.The purpose of the machine was to obtain polynomial functions continuously and automatically.
Since it was an analog machine, the variable can go through any value. Before a polynomial equation, the final result is giving the values of the sum of the variable terms, when this sum coincides with the value of the second member, the wheel of the unknown marks a root. -
German Army
The Enigma machines are a series of electro-mechanical rotor cipher machines.Enigma was invented by the German engineer Arthur Scherbius at the end of World War I.Early models were used commercially from the early 1920s, and adopted by military and government services of several countries, most notably Nazi Germany before and during World War II.Several different models were produced, but the German military models, having a plugboard, were the most complex. -
Vannevar Bush
Physically it was composed of mechanical amplifiers, of which each one of them was constituted by a crystal disk and a metallic wheel, and in this way the whole could make rotations.There were several different models of these devices. Thus we have a machine capable of performing differential equations of up to 18 variables and was designed to solve problems in power grids. -
Alan Turing
Alan Turing introduced this machine in 1936-1937. This model is considered by some (for example, Martin Davis (2000)) the origin of the stored program computer - used by John von Neumann (1946) for the "electronic computing instrument" that now bears the name of von Neumann: the architecture of von Neumann. It is also known as a universal computing machine, universal machine. -
John Atanasoff
Use of the binary system to represent all numbers and data. It did all the operations using electronics instead of wheels. Computing was separated from the storage or memory system. It weighs more than 320 kg. -
Konrad Zuse
The Z1 is considered to be the first programmable electro-mechanical computer in the world. It was designed by the German engineer Konrad Zuse between 1935 and 1936, built between 1936 and 1938, and destroyed along with all its construction plans in December 1943 during the Allied bombing of Berlin in World War II. -
Konrad Zuse
Z2= the numerical unit Z2 was built with 800 relays, although it still had mechanical components. It had the same memory as the Z1, the control mechanism was based on a perforated tape system and with the arithmetic unit using 200 electromechanical relays. It had a clock frequency of ~ 10 kHz and operated with fixed-point numbers. Its characteristics were very similar to the Z1, and for Zuse it was an experimental model to test the power of the use of telephone relays. -
Konrad Zuse
Z4= The Z4 admitted a large set of instructions capable of solving complicated scientific calculations. It was capable of executing 1000 floating-point operations on average per hour. It was formed by approximately 2200 relays, was able to perform about 11 multiplications per second and had a memory of 500 32-bit words. Weighed about 1000 kilograms. -
George Robert Stibitz
Stibitz made the discovery of what is now the best known, the use of relays for automatic calculation. A relay is a metallic device that can assume one of two positions - open or closed - when an electric current passes through it. The relay acts as a kind of gate that controls the flow of electrical current, and was a common device for regulating telephone circuits. -
Konrad Zuse
Z3= The Z3, electromechanical technology, was built with 2300 relays, had a clock frequency of ~ 5 Hz, and a word length of 22 bits. The calculations were made with purely binary floating point arithmetic -
Jack. S. Kilby
On September 12, he presented his findings to company's management, which included Mark Shepherd. He showed them a piece of germanium with an oscilloscope attached, pressed a switch, and the oscilloscope showed a continuous sine wave, proving that his integrated circuit worked, and hence he had solved the problem. U.S. Patent 3,138,743 for "Miniaturized Electronic Circuits", the first integrated circuit, was filed on February 6, 1959. -
IBM
Fortran Originally developed by IBM in the 1950s for scientific and engineering applications, FORTRAN came to dominate this area of programming early on and has been in continuous use for over half a century in computationally intensive areas such as numerical weather prediction, finite element analysis, computational fluid dynamics, computational physics, crystallography and computational chemistry -
Douglas Engelbart y Bill English
December 1968, Engelbart publicly demonstrated the mouse at what would come to be known as The Mother of All Demos. Engelbart never received any royalties for it, as his employer SRI held the patent, which expired before the mouse became widely used in personal computers.In any event, the invention of the mouse was just a small part of Engelbart's much larger project of augmenting human intellect. -
IBM
he IBM System/360 (S/360) is a family of mainframe computer systems that was announced by IBM on April 7, 1964, and delivered between 1965 and 1978. It was the first family of computers designed to cover the complete range of applications, from small to large, both commercial and scientific -
Robert Noice y Gordon Moore
Intel was founded in Mountain View, California, in 1968 by Gordon E. Moore (of "Moore's law" fame), a chemist, and Robert Noyce, a physicist and co-inventor of the integrated circuit. Arthur Rock (investor and venture capitalist) helped them find investors, while Max Palevsky was on the board from an early stage.Moore and Noyce had left Fairchild Semiconductor to found Intel -
1º Bug Informatico
Legend has it that after locating a moth in the Harvard Mark II on September 9, 1947 at 3:45 pm, Grace Murray Hopper recorded the first computer "bug" in her notebook (log book) with the phrase "First current case of bug being found ". For many, Grace Hopper was the person who coined this term to refer to errors in the code of a computer program that cause unwanted results; although, the word "bug" was already used before 1947 in engineering. -
Unix
The origins of Unix date back to the mid-1960s when the Massachusetts Institute of Technology,and General Electric were developing Multics, a time-sharing operating system for the GE-645 mainframe computer. Multics featured several innovations, but also presented severe problems. -
Joseph C. Licklider
The Advanced Research Projects Agency Network (ARPANET) was an early packet-switching network and the first network to implement the TCP/IP protocol suite. Both technologies became the technical foundation of the Internet. The ARPANET was initially funded by the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) of the United States Department of Defense