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The Gnadenhutten Massacre
In 1782, a group of militiamen from Pennsylvania killed 96 Christianized Delaware Indians, illustrating the growing contempt for native people. Captain David Williamson ordered the converted Delaware's, who had been blamed for attacks on white settlements, to go to the cooper shop two at a time, where militiamen beat them to death with wooden mallets and hatchets. -
Battle of Tippecanoe
In the early 1800s, the rise of the charismatic Shawnee war leader, Tecumseh, and his brother, known as the Prophet, convinced Indians of various tribes that it was in their interest to stop tribal in-fighting and band together to protect their mutual interests. -
The Creek War
The Creek War was an inter-tribal conflict among Creek Indian Factions. The Creek war also engaged U.S. military along with the British and Spanish, who backed the Indians to help keep Americans from encroaching on their interests. -
Sioux Treaty of 1868
The Sioux Treaty was a treaty that brought peace between the whites and the Sioux. -
Battle of the Little Bighorn
The Battle of the Little Bighorn marked the beginning of the end of the Indian Wars, Wovoka and his Ghost Dance triggered one last wave of resistance to the encroachments of white settlers and their way of life. -
The Dawes Act of 1887
The Dawes Act was to stimulate Native Americans into mainstream U.S society by getting rid of their cultural and society traditions. The Native Americans accepted the individual allotments. -
Wounded Knee Massacre
Soldiers of the US Army slaughtered hundreds of Sioux men, women and children. They marked the end of the Indian resistance to the white settlers. -
Ghost Dance
Wovoka founded a spiritual movement called the Ghost Dance. He prophesied the reuniting of the remaining Indian tribes of the West and Southwest and the banishment of all evil from the world. -
Curtis Act of 1898
The Curtis Act of 1898 amended the Dawes Act to apply the Five Civilized Tribes as well. Their tribal governments were destroyed, their tribal courts were destroyed, and over ninety million acres of their tribal lands were sold off to white Americans. -
U.S Indian Reorganization Act
The U.S Indian Reorganization Act authorized a "New Deal' for Native American Indians. It allowed them to organize and form their own tribal governments.