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The Gnadenhutten Massacre
The Gnadenhutten massacre, also known as the Moravian massacre, was the killing of 96 pacifist Moravian Christian Indians (primarily Lenape and Mohican) by U.S. militiamen from Pennsylvania, under the command of David Williamson, on March 8, 1782, at the Moravian missionary village of Gnadenhutten, Ohio Country, during the American Revolutionary War. -
Battle of Tippecanoe
The Battle of Tippecanoe was fought between American soldiers and Native American warriors along the banks of the Keth-tip-pe-can-nunk, a river in the heart of central Indiana. Following the Treaty of Fort Wayne, an 1809 agreement requiring Indiana tribes to sell three million acres of land to the United States government, a Shawnee chief named Tecumseh, organized a confederation of Native American tribes to combat the horde of pioneers flooding into native lands. -
Indian Removal Act of 1830
The Indian Removal Act was signed into law by President Andrew Jackson on May 28, 1830, authorizing the president to grant unsettled lands west of the Mississippi in exchange for Indian lands within existing state borders. A few tribes went peacefully, but many resisted the relocation policy. -
Indian Appropriations Act of 1851
The U.S. Congress passes the Indian Appropriations Act, creating the reservation system. The government forces Native peoples to move to and live on reservations, where it can better subdue them. Native peoples find themselves severely restricted in their ability to hunt, fish, and gather their traditional foods. -
Mankato Executions
At 10:00 am on December 26, 38 Dakota prisoners were led to a scaffold specially constructed for their execution. One had been given a reprieve at the last minute. An estimated 4,000 spectators crammed the streets of Mankato and surrounding land. -
Sioux Treaty of 1868
In the spring of 1868 a conference was held at Fort Laramie which is now Wyoming. This treaty was to bring peace between the whites and the Sioux who agreed to settle within the Black Hills reservation in the Dakota Territory. -
General Alfred Terry's Telegram
As Terry overlooked the scene of carnage at the Little Big Horn. This telegram was meant for public consumption. However, due to delays in reaching a telegraph office, this telegram did not reach the East until after Terry's private telegram to Sheridan became public. -
Provisions and effects of the Dawes Act
As a result of the Dawes Act, tribal lands were parceled out into individual plots. Only those Native Americans who accepted the individual plots of land were allowed to become US citizens. The remainder of the land was then sold off to white settlers -
Wounded Knee Massacre
Involved nearly three hundred Lakota people shot and killed by soldiers of the United States Army. It’s also known as the Battle of Wounded Knee. The massacre was the climax of the U.S. Army’s late 19th century efforts to repress the Plains Indians. -
The Ghost Dance
Is a ceremony incorporated into numerous Native American belief systems. According to the teachings of the Northern Paiute spiritual leader Wovoka (renamed Jack Wilson), proper practice of the dance would reunite the living with spirits of the dead, bring the spirits to fight on their behalf, end American Westward expansion, and bring peace, prosperity, and unity to Native American peoples throughout the region.