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Advocates for Black Nationalism
Nation of Islam- an african american religious and political group
Malcolm X- he was a black muslim in the nation of islam group -
congress of racial equality
Civil rights- the right of people to social and political freedom -
Dodgers hire Jackie Robinson
color line- the segregation in the U.S. after the abolition of slavery -
executive order or 9981
segregation- the discrimination of an individual based on their race, sex, religion etc. -
Brown V. Board of Education Ruling
Thurgood Marshall - He was the first black man to be appointed to a position in the supreme court.
- The brown vs education ruling said that segregation in schools was unconstitutional
- Thurgood argued that the segregation was hurting the African American children more than it was helping and that most black children accepted most of the stereotypes against there own race. -
Montgomery Bus Boycott
Boycott: Is when a group of individuals decide not to do a specific thing or participate in a certain activity
Rosa Parks: A black women who refused to give up her spot on the bus
- African Americans stopped riding the buses and instead decided to walk or carpool wherever they needed to go
- The end result was the desegregation of the buses -
lunch counter sit-ins
Jim crow laws- local laws enforcing racial segregation
Sit-ins- A method used by protesters to make a public store lose customers just by sitting and refusing to move.
- these sit-ins brought a lot of attention to the civil rights movement
- College students took part in the sit-ins and some became civil rights activists -
Freedom Riders
Civil disobedience: A peaceful protest against something the protester disagrees with
-CORE was involved wth organizing these freedom rides
-CORE ended up abandoning freedom rides, But SNCC continued them
Some freedom riders were beat up for their cause -
Birmingham campaign
SCLC- stands for southern christian leadership conference. it was led by martin luther king jr -
March on Washington
NAACP- AKA the national association for the advancement of colored people -
Civil rights of 1964
Plessy V. Ferguson- this case was a constitutional law case that upheld the state racial segregation laws for public facilities
- Banned discrimination based on race, sex, religion, or natural origin
- Was the most important civil rights act since reconstruction -
Voting Rights Act of 1965
Disenfranchise: means not allowing people to vote
-Congress passed the voting rights act in 1969
-African Americans got the right to vote because of this act -
Watts riots + Kerner Commission
Kerner Commission- Formed to stop the watt riots
Ghettos- A slum -
Black panther party founded
SNCC- Student nonviolent coordinating community. led by students that wanted equality but did not want to use violence
Black Power- A phrase used as a political sign to show independence in a person of african decent -
civil rights of 1968
discrimination- Judgement and isolation of an individual because of their race, sex, religion etc. -
Swann vs. Charlotte- Mecklenburg board of education
Desegregation- The ending of segregation -
regents of the university of California vs. Bakke
affirmative action- an acton to help the individuals being discriminated against -
integration of center high school
little rock nine
