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Advocates for Black Nationalism
-Nation of Islam, Malcom X
-Muhammad taught that blacks were Earth's first people but had been tricked out of their power and long oppressed by evil whites
-After Malcolm Little left prison in 1952, he joined the Nation of Islam and changed his name to Malcolm X. He said Little was the name of a white slave-owner -
Congress of Racial Equality Founded
-Civil Rights
-Founded in Chicago in 1942 by a group of students,
-Non violent means of equality -
Dodgers hire Jackie Robinson
-Color line
- Players on opposing teams sometimes tried to “bean” him
- led his team to six league championships and one World Series victory -
Executive Order 9981
-Segregation
-equal treatment for all those in the armed forces
-Truman believed that discrimination in the military must end -
Brown v. Board of Education Ruling
-Thurgood Marshall
-12 other parents to join in efforts to desegregate the city's schools
-a lawsuit filed by people on behalf of themselves and a larger group who might benefit. -
Montgomery Bus Boycott
-Montgomery Bus Boycott was a protest of the segregation of buses
-The MIA had big success with the first one
-MLK was chosen to lead the boycotts at the age of 26 -
Integration of Central High School
-Little rock nine
-first day they had solider keep them out
-the mayor helped them get in the school -
First lunch counter sit-in
-Jim Crow Laws & Sit-ins
-four African American students sat down at a lunch counter in the Woolworth's drugstore
-they stayed at the counter until the store closed -
Watts Riot + Kerner Commission
-Kerner Commission, ghettos
- lasted for six long days
-Our nation is moving toward two societies, one black, one white—separate and unequal -
Freedom rides
-Civil disobedience peaceful protest against protester disagrees with
-core was involved with these rides
-Core abandoned the freedom rides but sncc continued them -
Burmingham campain
SCLC
-The protests began on April 3
- King and 50 others demonstrated and were quickly arrested -
March on Washington
-NAACP
- more than 250,000 people marched in Washington
-60,000 whites were in the march -
Civil Rights Act of 1964
-Plessy v. Ferguson
-banned discrimination on the basis of race, sex, religion, or national origin
-President Lyndon B. Johnson continued to push for the bill -
voting rights act of 1965
-disenfranchise depriving someone the right to vote
-congress passed voting rights act of 1965
-African Americans got the right to vote because of this act -
Regents of the University of California v. Bakke
-Affirmative action
-Johnson argued that more needed to be done
-first introduced by President John F. Kennedy -
Black Panther Party Founded
-Black power, SNCC
- 10-point platform setting out its goals
-The observers carried a law book to provide information about people's rights, a tape recorder to document what was said, and a shotgun to show that they were prepared to defend themselves -
Civil Rights Act of 1968
-discrimination
-landlords in white neighborhoods refused to rent to blacks
-fair-housing component that banned discrimination in housing sales and rentals. It also gave the federal government the authority to file lawsuits against those who violated the law -
Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenberg Board of Education
-desegregation
-This case raised the question of whether de facto segregation caused by housing patterns was constitutional
-they also attended all-white or all-black schools
