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Tokugawa Becomes Shogun
Tokugawa becomes the sole leader, or shogun, of Japan. Moves the capital from Kyoto to Edo ,which later became Tokyo. -
William Wilberforce was born
William Wilberforce spent years helping to end slavery, get suffrage for all, increase factory working conditions and make it so everyone could get an education while being sheltered from vices. -
British East India Company Act
The East India Company had grown into a powerful political and trading organization. The process of allowing The British Government to fully separate The Company’s political control from its commercial activities took lots of Parliament acts to be passed. -
First Fleet Arrives in Australia
The First Fleet arrived on 26 January 1788. The name is given to the eleven ships that left Great Britain, that were heading for Australia. The fleet left on 13 May 1787. The fleet consisted of criminal convicts that had been arrested in Great Britain. This was their opportunity to remove the criminals from society by sending them away to another land. Approximately 750 convicts, soldiers and government officials were shipped to Australia. This was the starting point for colonization. -
The Tennis Court Oath
The Third Estate and some clergy who had joined them went to their meeting hall. But the door was locked. Suspecting a plot, they rushed to a nearby indoor tennis court. There, they swore the Tennis Court Oath, vowing to stay put until they had created a constitution that placed power in the hands of the people. This signified the first time that French citizens formally stood in opposition to Louis XVI. It also inspired a wide variety of revolutionary activity in the months afterwards. -
Louis XVI is guillotined
The Convention put Louis XVI on trial for treason, and unanimously pronounced him guilty. As the revolution took hold in France, the ruling elites in other countries watched with growing fear. They were afraid that the events in France might inspire people in their own country to take similar actions. As a result, created threats. In response to outside threats and to ensure that the gains made during the revolution would not be lost, they executed Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette in 1793. -
Start of Reign of Terror
Not everyone in France agreed with the way the revolution was being carried out. Many people were horrified by some brutal acts that were taking place and by the execution of the king and the queen. Fearing opposition within the country, revolutionary leaders began a crackdown that became known as the Reign of Terror. This period lasted for 11 months in 1793 and 1794. -
Napoleon elected First Consul
Napoleon was originally intended to hold this position for 10 years. -
Napoleon crowns himself Emperor
Napoleon crowns himself Emperor, in the company of the Pope. Napoleon used the plot to justify the re-creation of a hereditary monarchy in France, with himself as Emperor. Napoleon put on the crown himself, shows that he is higher in rank and authority than the Pope. Claims that he seized the crown out of the hands of Pope during the ceremony to avoid his subjugation to the authority. -
Battle of Trafalgar
It was a sea battle fought between the British Royal Navy and the combined fleets of the French Navy and Spanish Navy, during the War of the Third Coalition of the Napoleonic Wars. The battle was the most decisive British naval victory of the war. British ships led by Lord Nelson defeated Napoleon`s French and Spanish ships. The Franco-Spanish fleet lost twenty-two ships, without a single British vessel being lost. British victory spectacularly confirmed their naval supremacy. Nelson was killed. -
The Berlin Decrees
Issued by Napoleon, forbidding the import/exports of British goods with any of France's allies. This done in an effort to ruin Britain's economy and commerce. The Berlin Decrees initiated the Continental System. -
The Peninsular War
This war can be defined as a major conflict in the Napoleonic Era. It was fought on the Iberian Peninsula. It was fought by the Spanish-British alliance against the French. The Peninsular war was caused by the French invading Portugal and later Spain to enforced the Continental System. In August the English and the Spanish working together were able to drive out the French out of Portugal. -
Locomotive
George Stephenson designs the first steam locomotive. He made the this machine to make travel over long distances much easier. This machine gives massive amounts of goods to be transported across land easily. -
Monroe Doctrine
James Monroe's presidential message of December 2nd changed American foreign policy. His words, which were later known as the Monroe Doctrine, announced the “United States' prevention of further European colonization. This cut off involvement in European politics and the stopped Europe's influence on our government stabilizing America as a nation. -
First Photograph
Joseph Nicéphore Niépce was the first person to take a photograph. He took the picture by setting up a machine called the camera obscura in the window of his home in France. It took eight hours for the camera to take the picture. -
Corn Planter
Henry Blair patents a corn planter, he is the second black person to receive a U.S. patent. Makes it far easier to plant one of the main staple crops of the North and Midwest. -
Beginning of Queen Victoria's era
On the 20th of June 1837, William IV died at the age of 71, and Victoria became Queen of the United Kingdom. -
The Chartist Movement
The "People's Charter" was drafted in 1838 by William Lovett. This was at the heart of a radical campaign for parliamentary reform of the inequities remaining after the Reform Act of 1832. The Chartists' six main demands were votes for all men and equal rights for men. -
John D. Rockefeller starts Standard Oil
Standard oil was a big success. It helped trains to transfer goods. It also helped by fueling other things that made this country run. -
opium war
British ships attempt to bring shipments of opium into a Chinese port. Chinese ships attempt to turn the ships away and stop the opium from reaching the shore. The British government uses this as an excuse to attack China. -
The outcome of the Treaty of Nanjing
As an outcome of the Treaty, China was required to pay Britain a large repayment, Hong Kong Island was given. China was also required to increase the number of ports where the British could trade and live in from one (Canton) to five. Among the other four were Shanghai. With the new foreign access to the city, Shanghai soon became one of China’s major Commercial Ports. -
Potato Famine
Around this time in 1845 a fungal disease called phytophthora infestans, attacked the potatoes in Ireland and because the population depended so heavily on it signs of suffering began early. -
Compromise 1850
Senator Henry Clay introduced a series of resolutions on January 29, 1850, this was to seek a compromise and avert a crisis between North and South. As part of the Compromise of 1850, the Fugitive Slave Act was amended and the slave trade in Washington, D.C., was abolished. -
The Great Exhibition at the Crystal Place in London
The Great Exhibition was intended to show off the great technological achievements of the British Empire. In the end, over 6 million visitors came to the exhibition and it was a great success. The money raised by the Exhibition was used to found the Royal Albert Hall, the Science Museum and the Victoria and Albert Museum. -
End of the Mughal Empire
British East India Company has become the protector of the Mughal Empire, using it to solidify their claim on trade with India. Bahadur Shah Zafar, the final Mughal ruler, leads a revolt against them. The revolt is defeated and the Mughals deposed by the East India Company, which assumes formal control over the country and ends the Mughal Empire. -
Slave Trade Abolished
The 13th amendment, which formally abolished slavery in the United States, passed the Senate on April 8, 1864, and the House on January 31, 1865. On February 1, 1865, President Abraham Lincoln approved the Joint Resolution of Congress submitting the proposed amendment to the state legislatures. -
The Modern Typewriter
Christopher Scholes invents the first practical and modern typewriter. Typewriters are easily available. This revolutionizes the business and writing worlds. -
Meiji Restoration
In the year 1868 Japan has responded towards Imperialism. In 1868 A group of samurai removed the Tokugawa Shogunate. The Tokugawa Shogunate at that time was the leading government at that time. It was overthrown and the samurai replaced it with the emperor. This was because they did not like Japan's old ways anymore. They wanted to become more westernized both socially and governmental. -
Alexander Bell invents in the telephone
Bell creating the telephone played a significant part in history. The telephone changed the way people communicate. He was the first to get it patented even when he didn't actually create it. -
First Practical Light Bulb
Thomas Edison invents the first practical and commercially available light bulb. Electric light soon becomes widely available making home life far easier. -
Thomas Edison brings light to the world
Thomas Edison was described as one of the greatest inventors. He invented the light bulb the change the world for ever. With the light bulb people could start doing more things at night. -
First Sino-Japanese War
The First Sino-Japanese War was a war that involved China and Japan. It lasted between 1894 and 1895 and it showed the development of Japan as major world power. -
the boer war
The Boer War begins in South Africa. Around 12,000 Australians fight on behalf of Britain. Approximately 600 Australians are killed or die of disease between 1899 and 1902. -
The Boxer Protocol
As a result of the Boxer Rebellion in September 7 1900, the Qing officials had to sign the “Boxer Protocol” between the Qing Empire of China and the Eight-Nation Alliance. They agreed to pay huge war reparations of 450 million teals of silver as indemnity over a course of forty years to the eight nations involved and the execution of ten high ranking officials. To help meet the payment there was an increase of the existing tariffs and taxes which resulted in the fall of the Chinese economy. -
The Death of Queen Victoria
She is the second longest to reign in London -
The death of the Meiji Emperor
The death of the Meiji Emperor led to the end of the Meiji restoration. Prince Taisho would become the emperor and Taisho Period will begin. -
The assassination of Arch Duke Franz Ferdinand
Franz Ferdinand, heir to the Austrian Empire, was killed along with his wife during a drive while visiting Sarajevo, the capital city of Bosnia. This event is generally accepted by historians as being the immediate cause of the First World War, though tensions had been previously building. -
The Schilleffen Plan
The Germans declared war on France and implemented their invasion of Belgium, part of their Scheifflen Plan. The Plan was intended to bring about a swift victory for Germany in the event of a two-front war. It concentrated on exploiting the differences in the amount of time neighboring countries would need to prepare for war. The Belgium army was swept aside easily enough, however, the French held off the German forces. With the failure of the Schleiffen Plan, trench warfare ensued. -
Lusitania Sunk
The British ocean liner RMS Lusitania which was carrying 1,959 people, 159 of whom were Americans.A German U-Boat fired a torpedo at the ship and sunk it. The Americans were outraged to learn 128 U.S. civilians were killed in a war in which they were officially neutral. -
Italy declared war on Germany and Austria.
Italy fought the Central powers in World War I, in an attempt to consolidate their northern borders. They defeated Austria-Hungary despite the efforts of the German Empire. Italy joined the Triple Entente on April 26, 1915, and declared war on Austria-Hungary on May 23, 1915. -
Provisional Government
The Provisional Government was a temporary 12-man executive led by a man named Alexander Kerensky. This government faced many difficult problems. It tried to take over Russia in an un-revolutionary way. The Provisional government's big mistake was to carry on the war. It showed that it wasn't a good government because it had to face the Bolshevik Communists, who were working through the soviets. -
effects of the romanov death
The Bolesheviks overthrew the provisional government. The Bolsheviks were the communist party of the Soviet Union. They came to power because of the revolution. The revolution was not intended, but people were running out of food, heat, and water. They protested against Romanovs to try to get what they wanted back and because they wanted to stop fighting in the war. The Bolsheviks promised the Russians peace, bread, and land. -
Execution of the Family
A few minutes after the family was put in cellar room, an execution squad of secret police was brought in and Yurovsky read aloud the order he was given by the Ural Executive Committee. Nicholas ll was surprised by the unexpeced news and Yurovsky reread the order and then the secret police raised their weapons.Yurovsky himself killed Nicholas with a gunshot wound to the head. All members of the family and anyone with them were killed. -
Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
A peace treaty signed on March 3, 1918 at Brest-Litovsk between Russia (the Russian Soviet Federated Socialist Republic) and the Central Powers marking Russia's exit from World War I. -
Mussolini Takes Over Italy's Government
Benito Mussolini created the Fascist Party in Italy in 1919, eventually making himself dictator prior to World War II. He was killed in 1945. -
Nazi Party is formed
Hitler joined the German Workers' Party and gradually began to gain followers of the party. Hitler's party gained popularity when they placed the swastika, a known anti-semetic symbol, in a white circle on a red flag. Hitler changed the name of the party to include National Socialist resulting in: National Socialist German Workers' Party, Nazi for short. -
women got the right to vote
Women finally got the right after going on strikes and having parades. Many women were arrested because they went on strike while the U.S declared war. The law was finally passed 2 years after the war ended. -
Hitler becomes the leader of the Nazi Party
During the summer of 1921, Hitler traveled to Berlin to visit nationalist groups. During his absence, there was an uprising within the Nazi party in Munich. He returned to Munich and on July 11, 1921,he resigned.The party realized they would have no support for the Nazi party if Hitler were no longer a part. He stated he would return if he was made chairman and given dictatorial powers. -
Stalin takes over after Lenin's Death
After Lenin's death, Joseph Stalin took control. During Lenin's control over the Bolsheviks and Russia, Stalin served as General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union's Central Committee. After Lenin died, Stalin sought out more power. He used his power to gradually get rid of all other communist groups in the communist party. -
US: Wall Street Crash
On the 28th of October, 1929, the US stock-market collapsed, sending its economy into turmoil. The impact of the crash was felt globally and forced many German companies into bankruptcy and cost millions of workers their jobs. -
The Nazis burn the Reich-stag Building
The Nazis burned the Reich-stag building to create a crisis atmosphere. As a result Hitler was given emergency powers on February 28, 1933. This event continued Hitler's power rant making him more powerful eventually leading top his dictatorship. -
Britain Signs a Pact with Poland
On August 25, two days after the Nazi-Soviet Pact, the Polish-British Common Deference Pact was signed. The treaty contained promises of mutual military assistance between the nations in the event either was attacked by another European country. -
Germany Invades Poland
German forces invaded Poland from the north, south, and west. As the Germans advanced, Polish forces withdrew from their forward bases of operation close to the Polish-German border to more established lines of deference to the east. After the mid-September Polish defeat in the Battle of the Bzura, the Germans gained an undisputed advantage. -
Attack on Pearl Harbor
The attack on Pearl Harbor by the Japanese Imperial General Headquarters and the Battle of Pearl Harbor was a surprise military strike conducted by the Imperial Japanese Navy against the United States naval base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, on the morning of December 7, 1941. The attack was intended as a preventive action in order to keep the U.S. Pacific Fleet from interfering with military actions. -
D-Day
June 1944 was a major turning point of World War II, particularly in Europe. Although the initiative had been seized from the Germans some months before, so far the western Allies had been unable to mass sufficient men and material to risk an attack in northern Europe. -
Hitler commits suicide
On April 30th Hitler and his wife Eva came out of their private corridors and said goodbye to the staff who decided to stay and then returned to their corridors. Two minutes later the staff heard a gunshot. When the staff entered they found Hitler lying on the couch surrounded by a pool of blood. He had died from a shot to his right temple. His wife Eva had died from swallowing poison. -
Atomic Bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki
During the final stages of World War II in 1945, the Allies of World War II conducted two atomic bombings against the cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in Japan. These two events are the only use of nuclear weapons in war to date.
