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Napolean Invades Italy
- Napolean was chosen to lead French troops into Italy.
- The French defeated Austria, who ruled Italy.
- As a result of this victory, France aquired Belgium from Austria.
- France also aquired hundreds of art treasures.
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Egypt
- Napolean sailed for Egypt, where British forces were stationed.
- He won a great victory, but the British fleet destroyed the French fleet.
- Nevertheless, the French succeeded in establishing their influence in Egypt.
- Soldiers accompanying Napoleon found the Rosetta Stone.
- Meanwhile, Austria, Russia, and Great Brittain defeated French forces in Europe.
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The Consulate
- Napolean set up a new government called the Consulate.
- He placed himself at its head and took the title of First Consul.
- By this time, Russia was no longer at war with France. However, Austria and Great Britain were.
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Austria
- Napolean led French forces to victory over Austria.
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Peace Treaty with Great Britain-----------------------------
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First Consul
- Because Napoleon brought peace and order, he was very popular.
- Napoleon asked the people to elect him first Consul for life.
- The people did so in popular vote.
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Britain Declares War On France
- Napolean wanted to build a Grand Empire that would take the place of the Holy Roman Empire.
- Great Britain, threatened by Napoleon's actions, declare war on France.
- Great Britain and its allies, however, were not able to stop Napoleon and his soldiers.
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Emperor
- The French made Napoleon emperor of France.
- His coronation was held in Notre Dame Cathedral.
- The Pope came from Rome for the crowning but did not have a chance to place the crown on Napoleon's head.
- Instead, Napoleon took the crown from the Pope's hands and crowned himself
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Napolean crowned himself King of Italy
- Napoleon crowned himself king of Italy.
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Confederation of the Rhine
- Consists of a group od conquered German states.
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Invaded Spain and Portugal
-Napolean invaded Spain and Portugal. -
Papel States, Pope in prison
- Napoleon made the Papal States part of France and put the Pope in prison.
- France's boundaries now included much of Europe.
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Period: to
Great Britain
- Napoleon forbade the countries in his empire to trade with Great Britain, which he called a "nation of shopkeepers."
- His order was hard to enforce, and it proved unsuccessful.
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Moscow
- In September, Napoleon reached Moscow.
- Because the French army now had neither food nor shelter, Napolean sent several peace proposals to the Russians, which they ignored.
- He finally gave the order to withdraw.
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French Freeze
- Hundreds of thousands of French soldiers froze to death as temperatures fell to 40 degrees below zero.
- Thousands more died from disease and lack of food.
- In the end, fewer than 100,000 soldiers made it back to France.
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Invaded Russia
Napolean then decided to take Russia. In the summer, the Grand Army invaded Russia. This army consisted of about 600,000 soldiers. The soldiers were of different nationalities. It was the largest army the world had yet seen.
- Except for one battle, the Russians did not fight. Instead, they retreated, drawing the French deeper into Russia. As the Russians retreated, they burned their villages and food supplies, leaving nothing for the coming French. This tactic is called a scorched-earth policy -
Allies Join Together
- Napoleon quickly raised another army, but the new soldiers were not well trained.
- They were defeated by the allied forces of Austria, Prussia, Russia, and Great Britain.
- This was the first time the four countries had joined together to fight Napoleon.
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Allies take Paris
- The allies took Paris.
- Napoleon was forced to give up the throne.
- He was sent into exile to the small island of Elba.
- He managed to escape
- He then gathered together enough troops to invade France.
- For 100 days, Napoleon again reigned as emperor.
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Waterloo
- The allies, under the British leadership of the Duke of Wellington, finally defeated him at the battle of Waterloo.
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Death
-After he was defeated, Napoleon was sent to the island of St. Helena off of the west coast of Africa, where he died.
