Inca Civilization

Continuation of the Expansion

1200

Expansion of the Túpac Inca Yupanqui, son of Pachacutec, continued the expansion, made an alliance with the lupazas (Altiplano), the Señorío Chincha. Conquista Guarco, Ychma and Collique (Lima); the Chimu kingdom; The Cañaris and Quitos (Ecuador).

Inca Origin

1200

The Incas arrived in Cuzco in the s. XII, there were three ethnic groups: Huallas, Ayarmarcas and Alcavizas, who gave rise to the Quechuas. Little by little they established kinship and exchange of women and gifts. However, they found resistance from the ayarmarcas, with whom they fought a war and defeated them.

Empire expansion

1200

The Inca who began the conquests was Cusi Yupanqui, son of Inca Huiracocha, who changed his name to Pachacutec (the one who orders the world). After defeating the Chancas, he began to annex the neighboring curacazgos, through war or peaceful alliances. Divided the Empire into four, built roads, built administrative centers and organized the population with tax criteria.

Inca Civilitation

Period: 1200 to 1572

The Inca civilization, also called Inca civilization or Quechua civilization, was the last of the great pre-Columbian civilizations that retained its independent state (Inca empire) during the Conquest of America, until the conquest of Peru (1532-1533). With the extension of the empire, it was absorbing new cultural expressions of the annexed peoples, and was located in the current territories of Peru, Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Colombia and Ecuador.

Kingdom of Cusco

1438

Under the leadership of Manco Cápac, the Inca formed the small city-state Kingdom of Cusco (Quechua Qusqu', Qosqo). In 1438, they began a far-reaching expansion under the command of Sapa Inca (paramount leader) Pachacuti-Cusi Yupanqui, whose name literally meant "earth-shaker". The name of Pachacuti was given to him after he conquered the Tribe of Chancas (modern Apurímac). During his reign, he and his son Tupac Yupanqui brought much of the Andes mountains (roughly modern Peru and Ecuador).

The Conquest Of Perú

1530

The conquest of Peru, carried out between 1530 and 1540 by the Spaniards, headed by Francisco Pizarro, put an end to the empire. However, foci of resistance of the so-called Incas of Vilcabamba were maintained until 1572

Inca Economy

1530

The Inca economy was based on the agriculture they developed through advanced techniques, such as the terraces of farming called platforms to take advantage of the slopes of the hills, as well as irrigation systems inherited from the pre-Inca cultures. The Incas cultivated corn, peanuts, cassava, potatoes, beans, cotton, tobacco and coca, among others. The lands were communal property and were worked collectively.

Inca Military Army

1533

The Incas formed a strong army in accordance with the needs of their expansionist State. It was divided into groups of professional warriors and soldiers recruited especially for each campaign, and based its power on the number of men, the efficient logistics, the iron discipline and moral combat, and the construction of military fortresses. The warlike actions had a religious character.
The Inca State planned both the conquests of neighbor towns and deafeat them.

The Final of Incas

1572

With the death of Atahualpa in 1533 the Inca Empire culminated. However, several rebellious Incas, known as the "Incas of Vilcabamba," rebelled against the Spaniards until 1572, when the last of them was captured and beheaded: Túpac Amaru I

Current Customs

2017

Synthesize the artistic, scientific and technological knowledge of their predecessors. Based on a concept of expansion of the State, the Tawantinsuyo (Inca Empire) collected those knowledge and empowered them. At present, some customs and traditions of the disappeared Inca civilization still prevail in Bolivia, Ecuador and Peru.