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From at least the 13th century, the Holy Roman emperor was elected by the nobles or higher class.
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Following the collapse of the Mongol rule of China, the Ming dynasty was founded by Zhu Yuanzhang in 1368.
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After the Portuguese captured Ceuta, the Portuguese empire was created with João I as their ruler.
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After the first Yongle Emperor who supported He's voyages died, the next successor, decided to stop his voyages.
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After Pachacuti Yupanqui became the ruler of the Inca, he began his conquests of nearly tribes to expand the Inca territory.
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After the leader of the English, John Talbot, was killed by the French, it was clear that no more help would come from the English leading them to surrendering.
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The Ottomans breached Constaniople's land wall leading to the end of the Byzantine Empire
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After Ferdinand and Isabella completed their conquest of Granda, the Reconquista ended in 1492.
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Mexica/Aztecs had conquered about 450 altepetl extending to Guatemala by 1500.
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Humayun, the father of Akbar, had only established his new kingdom for about 10 years before he died and power was then given to Akbar.
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The assembly of Russia chose Mikhail Romanov as ruler in 1613 after the Time of Troubles and the death of Fyodor I had occured.