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Pre-WW1(G)
-Mussolini is editor of Avanti
-Mussolini is against the war and a member of the Socialists
-Mussolini changes view to support war
-Italy enters war, in anticipation of land and victory -
Post-WW1(G)
-Mussolini's newspaper is spreading his views
-Country is angry over mutilated victory
-threat of cummunism is looming
-driving people to extreme political views -
Fasci di Combattimento(C)
The Black shirts—local militia made of demobilized soldiers and middle class youngpeople “Guerrilla War”
• Ideology:
1.Totalitarian system of government
2.A heroic leader
3.Extreme nationalism
4.Militarism
5.Anit-communist and anit-socialist -
Failed Election(M)
-Facist recieved less than 2% of votes
-socialist planned a mock ‘funeral’ to bury Faicts's ‘political corpse’
-many fascist members left the group, members decreased to 4000
-12 months later, the government failed to neutralisethe socialists -Mussolini announced the would stop the socilists, support workers and the Pope -
Successful Election(C)
• Fascist win 35/352 seats in the election (March, 1921)
• Giolitti(P.M.) formed an alliance with the PNF in May 1921“ National Block” for:
1.stop PNF becoming a great threat and
2.ally against the Socialists
-gave Mussolini greater power-Giolitti resigned in June
The Pact of Pacification—Signed buy the Socialist and the Fascists:
—Required both side to stop violence
—Violence restarted in November 1921 -
March on Rome(C)
• Mussolini met with Fascists to plan a ‘March on Rome’.
• Seize the northern and central cities not under PNF control from midnight on 27 October
• The government persuaded King Victor Emmanuel II to introduce martial law to act against the Fascist threat.
• King refused to sign the martial law declaration.
Mussolini is declraed P.M. -
Acerbo Laws(M)
-Acerbo law said the party that got most of the votes would be given two thirds of the seats in the parliament
-Mussolini announced ‘ a good beating does no harm’, the socialist were beaten, tortured and terrorized.
-Fasctis igged most as they confiscated voting cards, used dead people's names to get more votes
-They won with 65% of votes -
Matteotti Murder(M)
-Mussolini faced another crisis that threatened his government.
-Giacomo Matteotti, the leading socialist publicly declared his disagreements on the Fascist violence.
-Fascist gang kidnap and made him silent forever.
-liberals and conservatives suddenly claimed critical views on Fascists
-socialist deputies withdrew from the Parliament, an act of protest to the murdering, thus causing many liberal deputies withdrew their support.
-Mussolini made a speech about taking personal responsibilities -
Dictatorship(G)
-Bans trade unions and ocialists
-Bans other political parties
-Press cenorship
