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150
Epitafio de Seikilos
El Epitafio de Seikilos es la composición musical completa más antigua que se conserva actualmente. El epitafio data probablemente del siglo I o siglo II d. C., y es parte de una inscripción griega escrita en una columna de mármol puesta sobre la tumba que había hecho construir Seikilos para su esposa Euterpe, cerca de Trales (en Asia Menor), actual ciudad de Aydın, a unos 30 km de la ciudad costera de Éfeso (en Turquía). -
597
Canto Gregoriano
El canto gregoriano es el canto propio de la liturgia de la Iglesia Católica Romana. Heredado de una antiquísima tradición.
El canto gregoriano tiene su origen en la antigua música eclesiástica cantada en la liturgia del rito romano. Su denominación se vincula al que fuese elegido Papa hacia el año 600: Gregorio el Grande. Gregorio I no sólo fue renovador del repertorio musical de la antigua música eclesiástica, sino que incluso se le atribuye la autoría de numerosas melodías. -
991
Guido De Arezzo
Guido de Arezzo (en italiano: Guido d'Arezzo; Arezzo, c. 991/992 – 1050) fue un monje benedictino y teórico musical italiano que constituye una de las figuras centrales de la música de la Edad Media junto con Hucbaldo (840 – c. 930).
Su fama como pedagogo fue legendaria en la Edad Media y hoy se le recuerda por el desarrollo de un sistema de notación que precisa la altura del sonido mediante líneas y espacios -
1098
Hildegard von Bingen
Hildegarda de Bingen, (Sacro Imperio Romano Germánico, verano de 1098-Monasterio de Rupertsberg,17 de septiembre de 1179) fue una santa abadesa benedictina y polímata alemana, activa como compositora, escritora, filósofa, científica, naturalista, médica, mística, líder monacal y profetisa durante la plena Edad Media. Conocida también como la sibila del Rin y la profetisa teutónica, es asimismo una de las compositoras más famosas de monofonía sacra, así como la más grabada en la época moderna. -
1130
Bernart de Ventadorn
Bernart de Ventadorn (also Bernard de Ventadour or Bernat del Ventadorn; c. 1130–1140 – c. 1190–1200) was an Occitan poet-composer troubadour of the classical age of troubadour poetry. Generally regarded as the most important troubadour in both poetry and music, his 18 extant melodies of 45 known poems in total is the most to survive from any 12th-century troubadour. -
1135
Léonin
Léonin o Magister Leoninus (fl. 1135–1201) es, junto con Perotín, el primer compositor conocido de organum polifónico, relacionado con la Escuela de Notre Dame. Un monje anónimo inglés, conocido actualmente por el nombre de Anónimo IV, escribió un siglo después de su muerte que Léonin era el mejor compositor de organum para la expansión del servicio divino. Esta es la única referencia escrita que se tiene de Léonin. Se le atribuye la creación del Magnus liber organi, el gran libro del organo. -
1155
Perotín
Perotín, llamado en francés Pérotin le Grand («el Grande») o en latín Magister Perotinus Magnus (también Perotinus Magnus y Magister Perotinus) fue un compositor medieval francés, que nació en París entre 1155 y 1160 y murió hacia 1230. Considerado el compositor más importante de la Escuela de Notre Dame de París, en la cual comenzó a gestarse el estilo polifónico.
En el período gótico de la música es objeto de atención desde el punto de vista técnico y teórico. El desarrolló el contrapunto. -
1170
Ars Antiqua
Ars antiqua, también llamado Ars veterum o Ars vetus, se refiere a la música de Europa de finales de la Edad Media aproximadamente entre 1170 y 1310, que abarca el período de la Escuela de Notre Dame de polifonía y los años posteriores. Comprende los siglos XII y XIII. A este le siguen otros periodos de la historia de la música medieval denominados Ars nova y Ars subtilior. -
Nov 23, 1220
Alfonso X
Alfonso X (also known as the Wise, 23 November 1221 – 4 April 1284) was King of Castile, León and Galicia from 1 June 1252 until his death in 1284. During the election of 1257, a dissident faction chose him to be king of Germany on 1 April. He renounced his claim to Germany in 1275, and in creating an alliance with the Kingdom of England in 1254, his claim on the Duchy of Gascony as well. -
1300
Guillaume de Machaut
Guillaume de Machaut (also Machau and Machault; 1300 – April 1377) was a French composer and poet who was the central figure of the ars nova style in late medieval music. His dominance of the genre is such that modern musicologists use his death to separate the ars nova from the subsequent ars subtilior movement. -
1320
Ars nova
Ars nova (del latín "arte nuevo") es una expresión debida al teórico Philippe de Vitry que designa la producción musical, tanto francesa como italiana, después de las últimas obras del Ars antiqua hasta el predominio de la escuela de Borgoña, que ocupará el primer puesto en el panorama musical de Occidente en el siglo XV. -
1325
Francesco Landini
Francesco Landini (c. 1325 or 1335 – 2 September 1397; also known by many names) was an Italian composer, poet, organist, singer and instrument maker who was a central figure of the Trecento style in late Medieval music.
Landini was most likely born in Florence, though Cristoforo Landino gave his birthplace as Fiesole. Blind from childhood (an effect of contracting smallpox), Landini became devoted to music early in life, and mastered many instruments, including the lute, as well as singing. -
Mar 2, 1448
Johannes Gutenberg
Johannes Gutenberg was a German inventor and craftsman who invented the movable-type printing press. Though movable type was already in use in East Asia, Gutenberg's invention of the printing pressenabled a much faster rate of printing. The printing press later spread across the world,and led to an information revolution and the unprecedented mass-spread of literature throughout Europe. It had a profound impact on the development of the Renaissance, Reformation, and humanist movements. -
Jul 12, 1468
Juan del Encina
Juan de Fermoselle, más conocido como Juan del Encina (12 de julio de 1468 - León, 1529), fue un poeta, músico y autor teatral del renacimiento español en la época de los Reyes Católicos. Junto a Juan de Anchieta, Juan de Urreda, Joan Cornago, Francisco de Peñalosa como uno de los mayores exponentes de la polifonía religiosa y profana en España de finales del siglo XV y principios del XVI, durante el reinado de los reyes católicos. -
Nov 10, 1483
Martin Luther
Martin Luther (10 November 1483 – 18 February 1546) was a German priest, theologian, author, hymnwriter, professor, and Augustinian friar. Luther was the seminal figure of the Protestant Reformation, and his theological beliefs form the basis of Lutheranism. He is widely regarded as one of the most influential figures in Western and Christian history. -
1500
Cristobal de Morales
Cristóbal de Morales (c. 1500 – between 4 September and 7 October 1553) was a Spanish composer of the Renaissance. He is generally considered to be the most influential Spanish composer before Tomás Luis de Victoria.
Almost all of his music is sacred, and all of it is vocal, though instruments may have been used in an accompanying role in performance. He wrote many masses, some of spectacular difficulty, most likely written for the expert papal choir. -
Mar 30, 1510
Antonio de Cabezón
Antonio de Cabezón (30 March 1510 – 26 March 1566) was a Spanish Renaissance composer and organist. Blind from childhood, he quickly rose to prominence as a performer and was eventually employed by the royal family. He was among the most important composers of his time and the first major Iberian keyboard composer. -
Feb 3, 1525
Pierluigi Da Palestrina
Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina (between 3 February 1525 and 2 February 1526 – 2 February 1594) was an Italian composer of late Renaissance music. The central representative of the Roman School, with Orlande de Lassus and Tomás Luis de Victoria, Palestrina is considered the leading composer of late 16th-century Europe. -
1531
Orlando di Lasso
Orlando di Lasso (various other names; probably c. 1532 – 14 June 1594) was a composer of the late Renaissance. The chief representative of the mature polyphonic style in the Franco-Flemish school, Lassus stands with William Byrd, Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina, and Tomás Luis de Victoria as one of the leading composers of the later Renaissance. Immensely prolific, his music varies considerably in style and genres, which gave him unprecedented popularity throughout Europe. -
1532
Andrea Gabrieli
Andrea Gabrieli (1532/1533 – August 30, 1585) was an Italian composer and organist of the late Renaissance. The uncle of the somewhat more famous Giovanni Gabrieli, he was the first internationally renowned member of the Venetian School of composers, and was extremely influential in spreading the Venetian style in Italy as well as in Germany. -
1544
Maddalena Casulana
Maddalena Casulana (c.1544 – †1590) fue una compositora, intérprete de laúd y cantante italiana del Renacimiento tardío. Fue la primera mujer compositora que tuvo un volumen entero exclusivo de su música impresa y publicada en la historia de la música occidental.
Se conoce muy poco de su vida fuera de lo que puede inferirse de las dedicatorias y escritos en sus colecciones de madrigales. Posiblemente nació en Casole d'Elsa (Italia), cerca de Siena, en coherencia con su apellido. -
1548
Tomás Luis de Victoria
Tomás Luis de Victoria (c. 1548 – c. 20–27 August 1611) was the most famous Spanish composer of the Renaissance. He stands with Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina and Orlande de Lassus as among the principal composers of the late Renaissance, and was "admired above all for the intensity of some of his motets and of his Offices for the Dead and for Holy Week". -
1554
Giovanni Gabrieli
Giovanni Gabrieli (c. 1554/1557 – 12 August 1612) was an Italian composer and organist. He was one of the most influential musicians of his time, and represents the culmination of the style of the Venetian School, at the time of the shift from Renaissance to Baroque idioms
Though Gabrieli composed in many of the forms current at the time, he preferred sacred vocal and instrumental music. All of his secular vocal music is relatively early in his career; he never wrote lighter forms. -
Mar 8, 1566
Carlo Gesualdo
Carlo Gesualdo da Venosa (between 8 March 1566 and 30 March 1566 – 8 September 1613) was an Italian nobleman and composer. Though both the Prince of Venosa and Count of Conza, he is better known for writing madrigals and pieces of sacred music that use a chromatic language not heard again until the late 19th century. He is also known for killing his first wife and her aristocratic lover upon finding them in flagrante delicto. -
Antonio Vivaldi
Antonio Vivaldi (Venice, Republic of Venice, March 4, 1678-Vienna, July 28, 1741) was a Venetian Baroque composer, violinist, impresario, teacher and Catholic priest. He was nicknamed Il prete rosso (“The Red Priest”) because he was a priest and had red hair. He is considered one of the greatest Baroque composers, his influence during his lifetime spread throughout Europe and he was instrumental in the development of Johann Sebastian Bach's instrumental music. -
Johann Sebastian Bach
Johann Sebastian Bach (31 March 1685-Leipzig, Holy Roman Empire, 28 July 1750) was a German composer, musician, conductor, chapel master, cantor and teacher of the Baroque period. He was the most important member of one of the most prominent families of musicians in history, with more than 35 famous composers: the Bach family. He had a great fame as an organist and harpsichordist throughout Europe for his great technique and ability to improvise music at the keyboard. -
Robert Schumann
Robert Schumann was a German composer, pianist and music critic of the 19th century, considered one of the most important and representative composers of musical Romanticism. -
Christoph Gluck
Christoph Willibald Gluck was a German composer from the Bohemian region of the Czech Republic. He is considered one of the most important opera composers of the Classicism of the second half of the 18th century. He completely reformed opera by eliminating the arias da capo, suppressing the extensive dry recitatives with harpsichord and replacing them with recitatives accompanied by the orchestra. -
Joseph Haydn
Franz Joseph Haydn, known as Joseph Haydn, was an Austrian composer. He is one of the greatest representatives of the Classical period, as well as being known as the “father of the symphony” and the “father of the string quartet” thanks to his important contributions to both genres. He also contributed to the instrumental development of the piano trio and the evolution of the sonata form. -
Maria Anna Mozart
Maria Anna Walburga Ignatia Mozart, también llamada Nannerl y Marianne, fue una famosa música del siglo XVIII. Era la hermana mayor de Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart e hija de Leopold y Anna Maria Mozart. -
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
Johannes Chrysostomus Wolfgangus Theophilus Mozart, better known as Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, was a German composer, pianist, conductor and professor of the former Archbishopric of Salzburg.
A master of classicism, he is considered one of the most influential and outstanding musicians in history.
Mozartian work encompasses all the musical genres of his time and includes more than six hundred creations, most of them recognized as masterpieces of symphonic, concertante, chamber and fortepiano. -
Maria Theresia von Paradis
Maria Theresia von Paradis was an Austrian pianist and composer. Although she completely lost her sight at the age of three, this did not prevent the production and work of this great pianist, singer and composer from standing out. Her contributions were fundamental for the musical education of her time, especially for the blind. She caused great interest in the renowned composers of her time, among them Mozart and Haydn. -
Ludwig van Beethoven
Ludwig van Beethoven was a German composer, conductor, pianist and piano teacher. His musical legacy spans, chronologically, from Classicism to the beginnings of Romanticism. He is considered one of the most important composers in the history of music and his legacy has had a decisive influence on the subsequent evolution of this art. -
Gioachino Rossini
Gioachino Rossini was an Italian composer who gained fame for his 39 operas, although he also wrote many songs, some chamber and piano pieces, and some sacred music. He set new standards for both comic and serious opera before retiring from large-scale composition while still in his thirties, at the height of his popularity. -
Franz Schubert
Franz Peter Schubert, known as Franz Schubert, was an Austrian composer of the early musical Romanticism and, at the same time, continuator of the classical sonata following the model of Ludwig van Beethoven. Despite his short life, he left a great legacy, which includes more than six hundred secular vocal works (mainly lieder), seven complete symphonies, sacred music, operas, incidental music and a large number of works for piano and chamber music. -
Hector Berlioz
Louis Hector Berlioz was a French composer and leading figure of Romanticism. His best known work is the Symphonie fantastique, premiered in 1830.
He quickly became identified with the French Romantic movement.
Berlioz is said to have been a born romantic, experiencing intense emotions from early childhood, for example when reading passages from Virgil, and later in a series of love affairs. -
Franz Liszt
Franz Liszt was an Austro-Hungarian Romantic composer, a virtuoso pianist, conductor, piano teacher, arranger and secular Franciscan.
Liszt became famous throughout Europe during the 19th century for his great skill as a performer. His contemporaries claimed that he was the most technically advanced pianist of his time and perhaps the greatest of all time. -
Felix Mendelssohn
Felix Mendelssohn was a German composer, conductor and pianist of romantic music, member of the same family as the pianist and composer Fanny Mendelssohn (his sister) and the philosopher Moses Mendelssohn. In his childhood he was considered a musical child prodigy, but his parents did not try to take advantage of his abilities. In fact, his father declined the opportunity for Felix to pursue a musical career until it became clear that he was serious about it. -
Frédéric Chopin
Frédéric François Chopina was a French-Polish composer, virtuoso pianist and teacher, considered one of the most important in history and one of the greatest representatives of musical romanticism, who wrote mainly for solo piano. He has maintained a worldwide reputation as one of the leading musicians of his time, whose “poetic genius was based on a professional technique unparalleled in his generation”. -
Richard Wagner
Wilhelm Richard Wagner was a German composer, conductor, poet, essayist, playwright and musical theorist of Romanticism. His operas (described as “musical dramas” by the composer himself) stand out, in which, unlike other composers, he also wrote the libretto and the scenography. -
Giuseppe Verdi
Giuseppe Fortunino Francesco Verdi was an Italian romantic opera composer, one of the most important of all time. His work serves as a bridge between the bel canto of Rossini, Bellini and Donizetti, and the current of verismo and Puccini.
He was the author of some of the most popular titles of the lyric repertoire, such as those that make up his popular or romantic trilogy of his middle period: Rigoletto, The Troubadour and La traviata. -
Clara Schumann
Clara Wieck, known as Clara Schumann, was a German pianist, composer and piano teacher. She was one of the great European concert pianists of the 19th century and her career was key in the dissemination of the compositions of her husband, Robert Schumann.
Considered one of the most distinguished pianists of the Romantic era, she exerted her influence in a 61-year concert career, and changed the format and repertoire of the exhibition piano recital from virtuosity to programs of serious works. -
Johannes Brahms
Johannes Brahms was a German composer, pianist and conductor of the Romantic period, considered the most classical of the composers of that period. Born into a Lutheran family, he spent much of his professional life in Vienna. He remained faithful all his life to romantic and conservative classicism, influenced by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Joseph Haydn and, particularly, by Ludwig van Beethoven and Robert Schumann. -
Modest Músorgski
Modest Músorgski was a Russian composer, member of the group “The Five”. His works include the opera Boris Godunov (1872), the symphonic poem A Night on Bald Mountain (1867) and the piano suite Pictures at an Exhibition (1874). Músorgski was an innovator of Russian music in the Romantic period. He strove for a uniquely Russian musical identity, often deliberately defying the established conventions of Western music. -
Piotr Chaikovski
Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky was a Russian composer of the Romantic period. He is the author of some of the most famous classical music works in today's repertoire, including the ballets Swan Lake, The Sleeping Beauty and The Nutcracker, the 1812 Overture, the overture-fantasy Romeo and Juliet, the First Piano Concerto, the Violin Concerto, his Fourth, Fifth and Sixth symphonies, and the operas Eugene Onegin and The Lady in Spades. -
Nikolái Rimski-Kórsakov
Nikolai Andreyevich Rimsky-Korsakova was a Russian composer, conductor, and pedagogue who was a member of the group of composers known as The Five. Considered a master of orchestration, his best-known orchestral works-the Spanish Caprice, the Great Russian Easter Overture, and the symphonic suite Scheherezade-are valued among the major works in the classical music repertoire, as are the suites and excerpts from some of his fifteen operas. -
Hugo Wolf
Hugo Filipp Jakob Wolf was an Austrian composer of Slovenian origin who lived in Vienna during the late 19th century. An enthusiastic follower of Richard Wagner, he got mixed up in the disputes in Vienna at that time between Wagnerians and Formalists or Brahmsians.
He was a very enthusiastic person, but also very unbalanced. -
Giacomo Puccini
Giacomo Antonio Domenico Michele Secondo Maria Puccini, better known simply as Giacomo Puccini, was an Italian opera composer, considered among the greatest, of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. He was a visionary, creator of the music concepts that would govern cinema during the twentieth century. -
Gustav Mahler
Gustav Mahler was an Austro-Bohemian composer and conductor whose works are considered, along with those of Richard Strauss, the most important of post-Romanticism. In the first decade of the 20th century, Gustav Mahler was one of the most important orchestra and opera conductors of his time.