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1858 BCE
Giacomo Antonio Domenico Michele Secondo Maria Puccini
Giacomo Antonio Domenico Michele Secondo Maria Puccini (Lucca, December 22, 1858 - Brussels, November 29, 1924), better known simply as Giacomo Puccini, was an Italian opera composer, considered among the greatest, of the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
He was a visionary, creator of the concepts of operatic music. -
1803 BCE
Hector Berlioz
Hector Berlioz (born December 11, 1803, La Côte-Saint-André, France—died March 8, 1869, Paris) was a French composer, critic, and conductor of the Romantic period, known largely for his Symphonie fantastique (1830), the choral symphony Roméo et Juliette (1839), and the dramatic piece La Damnation de Faust (1846). -
1 CE
Epitafio de Seikilos
Epitafio de Seikilos between the 1st and 2nd century AD, the inscription was found engraved on a pillar (stele) from the ancient Hellenistic town of Tralles (present-day Turkey). The stele includes two poems: an elegiac distich and a song with vocal notation signs above the words. -
5
Canto Gregoriano
Canto Gregoriano from about the 5th century to the 15th century. It was music of the Catholic Church, so it was ceremonial in purpose. -
991
Guido D'arrezo
Guido d’Arezzo 991–992 – after 1033) was an Italian music theorist and pedagogue of High music. The father of musical notation, he probably created the modern Western system of solmization by introducing the Ut–re–mi–fa–so–la syllables, which derived from the initial syllables. -
1098
Hildegart von Bingen
Hildegart von Bingen (1098-1179) Her composition Ordo virtutum (c. 1151), is the oldest surviving music drama not written for church use. Hildegard's most important works include Ordo virtutum, 43 antiphons, 18 responsories, as well as sequences, hymns, and chants. It is unknown whether her compositions were performed outside of her convent. -
1130
Bernart de Ventadorn
Bernart de Ventadorn 1130–1140 – c. 1190–1200) was a French poet-composer troubadour of the classical age of troubadour poetry. Generally regarded as the most important troubadour in both poetry and music, his 18 extant melodies of 45 known poems in total are the most to survive from any 12th-century troubadour. -
1150
Leonin
Leonin (jan 1, 1150 – jan 1, 1201) is the first known significant composer of polyphonic organum. He was probably French, probably lived and worked in Paris at the Notre Dame Cathedral and was the earliest member of the Notre Dame school of polyphony and the ars antiqua. -
1155
Perotin
Perotin between 1155 and 1160 but his death date is unknown (1238?). He was a French composer of sacred polyphonic music, who is believed to have introduced the composition of polyphony in four parts into Western music. -
1170
Ars Antiqua
Ars antiqua: between approximately 1170 and 1310. also called ars veterum or ars vetus, is a term used by modern scholars to refer to the Medieval music of Europe during the High Middle Ages -
1221
Alfonso X el Sabio
Alfonso X el Sabio 1221-1284 is most important contribution is a collection of 420 poems written in Galician-Portuguese with musical notation, known as the Cantigas de Santa María ("Songs to the Virgin Mary"), of which some are probably of his own composition. -
1300
Guillaume de Machaut
Guillaume de Machaut was born c. 1300 —died 1377. He composed in a wide range of styles and forms. He is a part of the musical movement known as the ars nova. Machaut helped develop the motet and secular song forms (particularly the lai and the forms fixes: rondeau, virelai and ballade). -
1310
Ars Nova
Ars Nova between the preparation of the Roman de Fauvel (1310 – 1314) and the death of the composer Guillaume de Machaut in 1377. It was more complex rhythmically and melodically and had richer harmonies than previous music. -
1325
Franceso Landini
Francesco Landini. 1325 or 1335 – 2 September 1397, ) was an Italian composer, poet, organist, singer and instrument maker who was a central figure of the Trecento style in late Medieval music. -
1393
Johannes Gutenberg
Johannes Gutenberg ( 1393- 1406 -1468) was a German inventor. He invented the printing press and introduced it to Europe His invention revolutionized the distribution of information, particularly music. The printing press allowed for greater preservation of the music of this and later periods. -
1469
Juan del Encina.
Juan de Fermoselle Encina; (1469-1529) Spanish poet, musician and playwright. The son of a peasant, he entered Salamanca Cathedral as a choirboy and later entered the service of the Duke of Alba's brother, who financed his studies for a bachelor's degree in law at the University of Salamanca. -
1483
Martín Lutero
Martin Luther (1483-1548) was not only a theologian and a reformer, he was also a musician and a composer. In the reform of the liturgy, he gave community singing a renewed role. He composed about thirty chorales, and, with other musicians, a hymn book. He asked that singing be taught in schools. -
1500
Cristóbal de Morales
(Seville, 1500 - Malaga or Marchena, 1553) was a spanish composer. An undisputed master of sacred polyphonic music, his work is considered to be one of the greatest works of Spanish Renaissance polyphony. -
Mar 30, 1510
Antonio de Cabezón
Antonio de Cabezón (30 March 1510 – 26 March 1566) was a Spanish Renaissance composer and organist. Blind from childhood, he quickly rose to prominence as a performer and was eventually employed by the royal family. He was among the most important composers of his time and the first major Iberian keyboard composer. -
Feb 3, 1525
Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina
Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina (between 3 February 1525 and 2 February 1526 – 2 February 1594) was an Italian composer of late Renaissance music. known for his masses and motets, Palestrina had a long influence on the development of church and secular music in Europe, especially on the development of counterpoint. -
1530
Orlando Di Lasso
Orlando Di Lasso was born in 1530 in the area known today as Belgium and died in 1543. Lasso is known most as one of the greatest representatives of the Franco-Flemish style of composition that later influenced what is known as Baroque music. Lasso is known as one of the few composers who was able to incorporate all the styles of the continent in his music, he wrote both secular and religious works. he composed French chansons, motets, Italian madrigals, and German Lieds. -
1533
andrea gabrieli
Andrea Gabrieli (1533 - 30 August 1585) was an Italian composer and organist of the late Renaissance. An uncle of the composer Giovanni Gabrieli, he was the first internationally renowned member of the Venetian School of composers. -
1544
Maddalena Casulana
Maddalena Casulana, left her mark on Western music. She was born in Casole d'Elsa, Italy, in 1544 and became the first woman to publish a book of four-voice madrigals. Her musical style is characteristically moderately contrapuntal and chromatic. -
1548
Tomás Luis de Victoria
(Ávila, 1548 - Madrid, 1611) He was a Spanish composer and organist. The music of Tomás Luis de Victoria transcends the frontiers of the polyphonic Renaissance, its balance and purity, to herald Baroque expressiveness. Trained in his native city as a choirboy, in 1565 he went to Rome to perfect his musical knowledge and prepare for the priesthood. -
1557
Giovanni Gabrieli
Born in Venice, 1557-1612) He was a Venetian composer. Except for a four-year hiatus at the court of Munich (1575-1579), his career was spent in Venice, where the polychoral style, which he brought to the height of its splendour, was in vogue. -
1560
Carlo Gesualdo
Born in Naples, (1560-1613) he was an italian composer and lutenist. The little-documented life of Carlo Gesualdo has entered the realms of legend, to the point of becoming the subject of operatic inspiration for contemporary composers such as Franz Hummel and Alfred Schnittke. -
1567
Claudio Monteverdi
Italian composer. The figure who best exemplifies the transition in the field of music between Renaissance aesthetics and the new Baroque expressiveness is the Cremona-born Monteverdi. This musician was able to realise the new and revolutionary conception of musical art that emerged from the theories of the Camerata Fiorentina, which, among other things, led to the birth of opera. -
Barbara Strozzi
Barbara Strozzi, AKA Barbara Valle, (1619 - 1677) was an Italian Baroque singer and composer. During her lifetime, she published eight volumes of her own music and had more secular music in print than any other composer of the time.This was achieved without any support from the Catholic Church and without the constant patronage of the nobility. -
Stradivarius
Italian luthier. Better known by the Latinised form of his name, Stradivarius, he is undoubtedly the most celebrated stringed instrument maker in the history of music. -
Henry Purcel
English composer. He joined the choir of the Chapel Royal at the age of eight and was taught by John Blow and Matthew Locke. In 1677 he was appointed composer of the king's violins, and in 1679 he replaced Blow as organist of Westminster Abbey. He was responsible for the restoration of the court instruments, as well as for the composition of numerous religious works, including anthems and offices such as I was glad, in the midst of life (1682). -
Antonio Vivaldi
He was born in Italy in 1678, and he died in 1741. He was a famous Italian composer, who wrote the the four seasons. His style is characterized by energetic and imaginative use of rythym. -
George Philipp Telemann
he was a German composer. He abandoned the law studies he had begun in Leipzig to devote himself to music when, in 1701, he was asked to compose two monthly cantatas for the church of St. Thomas. The following year he founded the Collegium musicum and was appointed director of the Leipzig Opera. -
Georg friedrich Handel
He was a german composer who became a naturalised Englishman. A strict contemporary of Johann Sebastian Bach , Handel represents not only one of the pinnacles of the Baroque era, but also of music of all time. -
Johann Sebastian Bach (1685–1750)
Johann Sebastian Bach was born on 21 March 1685 in Eisenach. His family had a long musical tradition and had produced several generations of composers and performers. In Thuringia, however, their name was synonymous with musical art; to speak of the Bachs was to speak of music. -
Christoph Willibald, Ritter (chevalier) von Gluck
Christoph Willibald, Ritter (chevalier) von Gluck was a composer of the Classical period, born in Erasbach, Bavaria, on July 2, 1714, and died in Vienna, Austria, on November 15, 1787. He is considered one of the most important classical opera composers of the second half of the 18th century. -
Joseph Hayden
Joseph Haydn was an Austrian musician and composer who contributed to the development of the sonata, symphony and string quartet. He was born in 1732 into a modest rural family, but introduced to music. He studied in Vienna and became the musician of the Estherházy family, for whom he composed much of his work. He traveled to London, where he had much success and recognition. He died in 1809 in Vienna, leaving a legacy of more than a thousand compositions. -
"Narnel" Mozart
Maria Anna Mozart was born on July 30, 1751 in Salzburg, the same city where her brother Wolfgang would be born four and a half years later. She was the fourth child of a couple of musicians, , whose family life seemed sad: Maria Anna never got to know her older siblings, as would happen to the next two who would come after her. Only she and the seventh brother, survived to adulthood. Perhaps this is where she got her nickname: Nannerl. -
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (January 27, 1756 - December 5, 1791) was a composer, performer and music teacher. Despite his short life, he composed over 800 works representing virtually every classical genre of his time. He was born in Salzburg, Austria, and is recognized as one of the greatest composers in the history of Western music. -
Maria Theresia Von Paradis
Maria Theresia Von Paradis was born on May 15, 1759 in Vienna. It is not known why, but as a child of just over two years old, she began to lose her sight until she became blind. Despite her disability, Maria Theresia showed talent for music. Since she couldn't read, she memorized notes and played them later on piano. The empress helped her financially and put her in contact with the leading composers of the Vienna of her time. She was able to learn from Leopold Kozeluch or Antonio Salieri. -
Ludwig van Beethoven
Ludwig van Beethoven was a German composer who was born in Bonn in 1770. He showed musical talent from an early age, and his father tried to make him a second Mozart. Beethoven was an innovator of musical form, who expanded the symphony, the sonata, the concerto, and the quartet. He also broke many patterns of Classical music, such as incorporating a choral finale in his Symphony No. 9 in D Minor. -
Gioachino Rossini
Gioachino Rossini was an Italian composer who gained fame for his 39 operas. He was born on February 29, 1792 in Pesaro, Papal States, and died on November 13, 1868 in Passy, Paris, Second French Empire. Rossini also wrote many songs, some chamber music and piano pieces, and some sacred music. He is considered the most important figure of opera in the first third of the 19th century. -
Franz Schubert
Franz Schubert was an important Austrian composer who is considered to be responsible for introducing musical Romanticism to the world and for continuing to use the classical sonata model that had previously been used by Ludwig van Beethoven. -
Felix Mendelssohn
Felix Mendelssohn (born February 3, 1809, in Hamburg, Germany; died November 4, 1847, in Leipzig) was a German composer, pianist, musical conductor, and teacher, recognized as one of the most celebrated figures of the early Romantic period. -
Robert Schumann
Robert Schumann was a 19th century German composer, pianist and music critic. He was born on June 8, 1810 in Zwickau, Germany. He is considered one of the most important and representative composers of musical Romanticism. His life and career were highlighted by his passionate dedication to music and his most important works. -
Frédéric Chopin
Frédéric Chopin was born on March 1, 1810 in Żelazowa Wola, near Warsaw, Poland. He was a leading composer and pianist of Romanticism, known for his virtuosity and exceptional sense of musical tone. From an early age, Chopin showed prodigious talent, beginning to play in the salons of the Polish aristocracy. Chopin passed away on October 17, 1849, leaving a musical legacy that remains influential in classical music. -
Franz Liszt
Franz Liszt was one of the most important and influential exponents of the 19th century thanks to his technique and musical style on the piano. He was born on October 22, 1811 in Riding, a small town in Austria. Liszt is the creator of the symphonic poem, a typical form of romanticism, and of the modern technique of piano interpretation. Among his most important works are the “Concertos for Piano and Orchestra” and “Years of Pilgrimage”. -
Giuseppe Verdi (
Giuseppe Verdi (October 10, 1813 - January 27, 1901) was an Italian opera composer, considered one of the most important of all time. He was born in Le Roncole, near Busseto, and was noted for works such as Rigoletto, La traviata and Aida. Verdi is known for his dramatic compositions and strong characters, and dominated the European opera scene during the second half of the 19th century. -
Wilhelm Richard Wagner
Wilhelm Richard Wagner (Leipzig, Kingdom of Saxony, Confederation of the Rhine, May 22, 1813 - Venice, Kingdom of Italy, February 13, 1883) was a German composer, conductor, poet, essayist, playwright and musical theorist of Romanticism. His operas (described as “musical dramas” by the composer himself) stand out, in which, unlike other composers, he also wrote the libretto and the scenography. -
Clara Wieck,
Clara Wieck, known as Clara Schumann, was a German pianist, composer and piano teacher. She was born in Leipzig on September 13, 1819 and died in Frankfurt am Main on May 20, 1896. -
Johannes Brahms
Johannes Brahms was a German Romantic composer, pianist and conductor. He was born on May 7, 1833 in Hamburg, Germany, and spent much of his professional life in Vienna. He is considered one of the greatest Romantic composers of the 19th century and a “Classicist”. -
Pyotr Ilich Tchaikovsky
Pyotr Ilich Tchaikovsky was born in 1840 in the city of Votkinsk, Russia, and died at the age of 53 in 1893 in the city of St. Petersburg, Russia. Tchaikovsky was born into a middle-class family, his father was a director of a mining factory and his parents were music lovers. Despite the musical interest he showed, the training Tchaikovsky received was aimed at preparing him as a civil servant. -
Hugo Filipp Jakob Wolf
Hugo Filipp Jakob Wolf (March 13, 1860, Windischgraz, Austrian Empire - February 22, 1903, Vienna, Austro-Hungarian Empire) was an Austrian composer of Slovenian origin who lived during the late 19th century in Vienna. He was an enthusiastic follower of Wagner, who became mixed up in the disputes existing in Vienna at the time between Wagnerians and Formalists or Brahmsians. -
Gustav Mahler
Gustav Mahler was an Austrian composer and conductor. He was born on July 7, 1860 in Kalischt, Bohemia, Austria-Hungary (now the Czech Republic). He grew up in a German-speaking Jewish family, and his parents ran an inn. Mahler is considered one of the most important composers of post-Romanticism.