Music Literature-Midterm

Middle Ages Begin

400

Middle Ages, Renaissance, Baroque

Period: 400 to Jan 1, 1750

Span/Range Covered

Christianity in Ireland

432

St. Patrick returns bringing Christianity

Rome destroyed

455

Vandals destroy Rome

Plague

542

Plague spreads through Europe

European Silk Industry

553

Justinian's missionaries smuggle silkworms out of China

Buddhism in Japan

560

Buddhism is introduced

Gregorian chant

Mar 22, 600

Pope Gregory collects chant and chant is named Gregorian in his honor.

First Holy Roman Emperor

Mar 22, 800

Charlemagne crowned in Rome

Polyphony

Mar 22, 850

Moves from monophony to polyphony

Greenland Discovered

Mar 22, 900

Vikings discover Greenland

Beowulf

Mar 22, 1000

Old English Epic

First Novel

Mar 22, 1008

Murasaki Shikibu finishes The Tale of Genji

Holy Sepulchre Destroyed

Mar 22, 1009

Muslims destroy Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem

Solfège

Mar 22, 1030

Italian monk develops learning music by ear.

Pisa, Italy Cathedral

Mar 22, 1068

Construction begins

Hildegard of Bingen

Mar 22, 1098

First great woman composer
1098-1179

Bernart de Ventadorn

Mar 22, 1135

One of the first troubadour poets and the most important musically, since his work was imitated.
1135-1194

2nd Crusade

Mar 22, 1144

Begins

Universities in France+England

Mar 22, 1150

Universities of Paris+Oxford Founded
1150-1167

Notre Dame

Mar 22, 1163

Cathedral in Paris. Seems to reach up to heaven itself.
1163-1345

Minnesingers

Mar 22, 1180

Minnesingers appear in Germany

Pérotin

Mar 22, 1200

Composer of Notre Dame School. Astonished 13th century Paris by creating impressive organa for 4 simultaneous voice parts.
c. 1200

4th Crusade

Mar 22, 1200

1200-1204

Kublai Khan

Mar 22, 1251

Governs China, becomes ruler of Mongols

Guillaume de Machaut

Mar 22, 1300

Political churchman serving the courts of France and Luxembourg. Greatest french poet of his time.
1300-1377

Black Death

Mar 22, 1347

25-million people die
1347-1351

Ming Dynasty

Mar 22, 1368

Begins in China

Canterbury Tales

Mar 22, 1387

by Chaucer

Guillaume Dufay

Mar 22, 1400

Born and bred in region, which supplied musicians for generations. Worked in Italy where he met artists and thinkers as well as the patrons that supported them.
1400-1474

Renaissance begins

Mar 22, 1430

Rebirth of Greek and Roman Classic styles.

Josquin Desprez

Mar 22, 1450

First master of the High Renaissance style. Amazingly imaginative composer.
1450-1521

Constantinople Conquered

Mar 22, 1453

by Turks

First Russian Czar

Mar 22, 1462

Ivan the Great
1462-1505

Mona Lisa

Mar 22, 1503

painted by Leonardo da Vinci

David

Mar 22, 1504

sculpted by Michelangelo

Andrea Gabrieli

Mar 22, 1510

Organist. One of the two most important composers in Venice. Exploit special acoustics of St. Mark’s Basilica Cathedral. Giovanni's
uncle.
1510–1586

Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina

Mar 22, 1525

Born outside Rome and worked in the Holy City. Singer/choirmaster at many of Rome’s most famous churches and chapels.
1525–1594

Roland de Lassus

Mar 22, 1532

From the Netherlands, was worldly and traveled a lot, he settled at the court of Munich. Had enormous output.
1532–1594

William Byrd

Mar 22, 1540

Organist of England’s Chapel Royal under Queen Elizabeth I. A member of the English dissident Catholic minority. wrote Masses for illegal/highly dangerous services held in secret in barns/attics.
1540–1623

Tomás Luis de Victoria

Mar 22, 1548

Spanish priest who spent many years in Rome working for the Jesuits but ended up in Madrid.
1548–1611

Giovanni Gabrieli

Mar 22, 1555

Organist. One of the two most important composers in Venice. Exploit special acoustics of St. Mark’s Basilica Cathedral. Andrea's Nephew
1555 –1612

Castrati

Mar 22, 1565

In Italian music young boys are castrated at puberty to keep their voices high

Claudio Monteverdi

Mar 22, 1567

First great composer whose music was attacked for being too radical. Composed madrigals and operas.
1567–1643

Girolamo Frescobaldi

Mar 22, 1583

The three main sources of instrumental music are all evident in his keyboard works. Foremost organ virtuoso of the early seventeenth century.
1583–1643

English Madrigal School Established

Mar 22, 1588

Orfeo, Favola in Musica

Mar 22, 1607

Monteverdi writes Orfeo, Favola in Musica a prime example of early Baroque musical form

Henry Purcell

Mar 22, 1659

The greatest English composer of the Baroque era. Organist at Westminster Abbey. Member of the Chapel Royal.
1659–1695

Great Plague

Mar 22, 1665

London. Kills 75,000 people.

Elizabeth-Claude Jacquet

Mar 22, 1667

Mozart style prodigy. Famous harpsichordist
1667-1729

Antonio Vivaldi

Mar 22, 1678

Son of a Venetian violinist. Became music teacher at orphanage for girls.
1678–1741

Pennsylvania

Mar 22, 1682

founded by William Penn

Jean-Philippe Rameau

Mar 22, 1683

Operas stirred up controversy, but filled houses.
1683-1764

Johann Sebastian Bach

Mar 22, 1685

20 Kids, wrote a new cantata every week in first year at Leipzig.
1685-1750

George Frederic Handel

Mar 22, 1685

Wrote German operas most were lost. Wrote 40 Italian operas.
1685-1759

Dido and Aeneas

Mar 22, 1689

Purcell's Dido and Aeneas opens in London

Octavia

Mar 22, 1705

Keiser uses French horns for the first time in opera

Vivaldi's The Four Seasons

Mar 22, 1725

Vivaldi writes the four seasons

Handel's Alcina

Mar 22, 1735

His last great operatic success.

Handel's Messiah

Mar 22, 1742

Premieres in Dublin to an enthusiastic audience.

Baroque Period Ends

Mar 22, 1750

Classical Period

Period: Apr 7, 1750 to Apr 8, 1830

Seven Years War

Apr 7, 1756

1756-1763
Global War that lasted seven years

American Revolutionary War

Apr 7, 1775

1775-1783

French Revolutionary War

Apr 7, 1792

1792-1802

Napoleonic War

Apr 7, 1803

1803-1815

(Anglo-American) War of 1812

Apr 7, 1812

1812-1815

Romantic Period

Period: Apr 7, 1820 to Apr 8, 1910

Mexican-American War

Apr 7, 1846

1846-1848

Crimean War

Apr 7, 1854

1854-1856

20th-Present

Period: Apr 7, 1900 to Apr 8, 2017