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Period: 3300 BCE to 476
Antique
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3100 BCE
invention of writing
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Period: 100 BCE to 100 BCE
Seikilos epitaf
The Seikilos epitaph is an Ancient Greek inscription that preserves the oldest surviving complete musical composition, including musical notation. -
Period: 476 to Oct 12, 1492
medieval age
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Period: 680 to 730
Gregoriang song
Gregorian chant is the central tradition of Western plainchant, a form of monophonic, unaccompanied sacred song in Latin (and occasionally Greek) of the Roman Catholic Church. -
Period: 991 to 1050
Guido d´ Arezzo
Guido of Arezzo (Italian: Guido d'Arezzo;[n 1] c. 991–992 – after 1033) was an Italian music theorist and pedagogue of High medieval music. A Benedictine monk, he is regarded as the inventor—or by some, developer—of the modern staff notation that had a massive influence on the development of Western musical notation and practice.[ -
Period: 1098 to 1179
Hildegard von Bingen
Hildegard of Bingen OSB, (German: Hildegard von Bingen, pronounced [ˈhɪldəɡaʁt fɔn ˈbɪŋən]; Latin: Hildegardis Bingensis; c. 1098 – 17 September 1179), also known as the Sibyl of the Rhine, was a German Benedictine abbess and polymath active as a writer, composer, philosopher, mystic, visionary, and as a medical writer and practitioner during the High Middle Ages.[1][2] She is one of the best-known composers of sacred monophony, as well as the most recorded in modern history. -
Period: 1130 to 1200
Bernart de ventadorn
Bernart de Ventadorn (¿Ventadorn? (Limosín) circa 1125/1145-Monasterio de Dalon, c. 1180/1190), también conocido como Bernart de Ventadour y Bernard de Ventadorn, fue un popular trovador, compositor y poeta provenzal. Es probablemente el trovador más conocido del estilo llamado trobar leu -
Period: 1154 to 1201
Leonin
Léonin o Magister Leoninus (fl. 1150–1201) es, junto con Perotín, el primer compositor conocido de organum polifónico, relacionado con la Escuela de Notre Dame. -
Period: 1160 to 1205
Perotin
Perotín, llamado en francés Pérotin le Grand («el Grande») o en latín Magister Perotinus Magnus (también Perotinus Magnus y Magister Perotinus) fue un compositor medieval francés, que nació en París entre 1155 y 1160 y murió hacia 1230. Considerado el compositor más importante de la Escuela de Notre Dame de París, en la cual comenzó a gestarse el estilo polifónico. Revisó el Grand livre d'órganum (en latín Magnus liber organi o Magnus liber, atribuido a Leonín) entre 1180 y 1190. -
Period: 1240 to 1320
Ars antiqua
Ars antiqua, también llamado Ars veterum o Ars vetus, se refiere a la música de Europa de finales de la Edad Media aproximadamente entre 1170 y 1310, que abarca el período de la Escuela de Notre Dame de polifonía y los años posteriores. Comprende los siglos XII y XIII. A este le siguen otros periodos de la historia de la música medieval denominados ars nova y ars subtilior. -
Period: 1252 to 1284
Alfonso X el Sabio
Alfonso X de Castilla, llamado el Sabio (Toledo, 23 de noviembre de 12211-Sevilla, 4 de abril de 12842), fue el rey de la Corona de Castilla y de los demás reinos intitulados entre 1252 y 1284. A la muerte de su padre, Fernando III el Santo, reanudó la ofensiva contra los musulmanes y ocupó Jerez (1253), Salé, el puerto de Rabat (1260) y conquistó Cádiz (c. 1262). -
Period: 1300 to 1377
Guillaume de Machaut
Guillaume de Machaut (French: [ɡijom də maʃo], Old French: [ɡiˈʎawmə də maˈtʃaw(θ)]; also Machau and Machault; c. 1300 – April 1377) was a French composer and poet who was the central figure of the ars nova style in late medieval music. His dominance of the genre is such that modern musicologists use his death to separate the ars nova from the subsequent ars subtilior movement. -
Period: 1320 to 1380
Ars nova
Ars nova (Latin for new art)[2] refers to a musical style which flourished in the Kingdom of France and its surroundings during the Late Middle Ages. More particularly, it refers to the period between the preparation of the Roman de Fauvel (1310s) and the death of composer Guillaume de Machaut in 1377. -
Period: 1325 to 1397
Francesco Landini
Francesco Landini (c. 1325 or 1335 – 2 September 1397; also known by many names) was an Italian composer, poet, organist, singer and instrument maker who was a central figure of the Trecento style in late Medieval music. -
Period: 1398 to 1468
Johannes Gutenberg
Johannes Gensfleisch zur Laden zum Gutenberg[a] (c. 1393–1406 – 3 February 1468) was a German inventor and craftsman who invented the movable-type printing press. Though movable type was already in use in East Asia, Gutenberg's invention of the printing press[2] enabled a much faster rate of printing. -
Period: 1469 to 1525
Juan del Encina.
Juan de Fermoselle, más conocido como Juan del Encina —en la grafía actual de su nombre— o Juan del Enzina —en grafía de la época— (12 de julio de 1468 - León, 1529), fue un poeta, músico y autor teatral del renacimiento español en la época de los Reyes Católicos. -
Period: 1483 to 1546
Martín Lutero
Martín Lutero (en alemán: Martin Luther; Eisleben, 10 de noviembre de 1483-Eisleben, 18 de febrero de 1546), nacido como Martin Luder,3 fue un teólogo, filósofo y fraile católico agustino que comenzó e impulsó la Reforma protestante en Alemania y cuyas enseñanzas inspiraron la doctrina teológica y cultural denominada luteranismo. -
Period: Oct 12, 1492 to
modern age
The modern era or the modern period is considered the current historical period of human history. It was originally applied to the history of Europe and Western history for events that came after the Middle Ages, often from around the year 1500. -
Period: 1500 to 1553
Cristóbal de Morales
Cristóbal de Morales (Sevilla, 1500 - Málaga o, según otros, Marchena, 1553) sacerdote católico español y maestro de capilla siendo el principal representante de la escuela polifonista andaluza y uno de los tres grandes, junto a Tomás Luis de Victoria y Francisco Guerrero, de la composición polifónica española del Renacimiento. -
Period: 1510 to 1566
Antonio de Cabezón
Antonio de Cabezón (Castrillo Mota de Judíos, Burgos, 1510 -Madrid, 26 de marzo de 1566) fue un organista, arpista y compositor español del Renacimiento. -
Period: 1525 to
Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina
Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina (Palestrina, 1525 – Roma, 2 febbraio 1594) è stato un compositore e organista italiano, tra i più importanti del Rinascimento europeo. Fu considerato tra i massimi compositori di area romana del XVI secolo[1] e ritenuto modello ideale per la composizione polifonica sacra per aver saputo magistralmente conciliare quella che era la funzione propriamente sacra della musica cattolica con gli aspetti più apertamente estetici.[ -
Period: 1532 to
Orlando di Lasso
Orlando di Lasso (various other names; probably c. 1532 – 14 June 1594) was a composer of the late Renaissance. The chief representative of the mature polyphonic style in the Franco-Flemish school, Lassus stands with William Byrd, Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina, and Tomás Luis de Victoria as one of the leading composers of the later Renaissance. Immensely prolific, his music varies considerably in style and genres, which gave him unprecedented popularity throughout Europe. -
Period: 1533 to
Andrea Gabrieli
Andrea Gabrieli (1532/1533[1] – August 30, 1585) was an Italian[1] composer and organist of the late Renaissance. The uncle of the somewhat more famous Giovanni Gabrieli, he was the first internationally renowned member of the Venetian School of composers, and was extremely influential in spreading the Venetian style in Italy as well as in Germany. -
Period: 1544 to
Maddalena Casulana
Maddalena Casulana (c.1544 – †1590) fue una compositora, intérprete de laúd y cantante italiana del Renacimiento tardío. Fue la primera mujer compositora que tuvo un volumen entero exclusivo de su música impresa y publicada en la historia de la música occidental. -
Period: 1548 to
Tomás Luis de Victoria
Tomás Luis de Victoria (Ávila,12 h. 1548 - Madrid, 27 de agosto de 1611) fue un sacerdote católico, maestro de capilla y célebre compositor polifonista del renacimiento español. Se le ha considerado uno de los compositores más relevantes y avanzados de su época, con un estilo innovador que anunció el inminente barroco. Su influencia llega hasta el siglo XX, cuando fue tomado como modelo por los compositores del cecilianismo. -
Period: 1557 to
Giovanni Gabrieli
Giovanni Gabrieli (c. 1554/1557 – 12 August 1612) was an Italian composer and organist. He was one of the most influential musicians of his time, and represents the culmination of the style of the Venetian School, at the time of the shift from Renaissance to Baroque idioms. -
Period: 1566 to
Carlo Gesualdo
Carlo Gesualdo da Venosa (between 8 March 1566 and 30 March 1566 – 8 September 1613) was an Italian nobleman and composer. Though both the Prince of Venosa and Count of Conza, he is better known for writing madrigals and pieces of sacred music that use a chromatic language not heard again until the late 19th century. -
Period: to
Claudio Monteverdi
Claudio Monteverdi, cuyo nombre completo era Claudio Giovanni Antonio Monteverdi (Cremona, bautizado el 15 de mayo de 1567 - Venecia, 29 de noviembre de 1643), fue un compositor, violagambista, cantante, director de coro y sacerdote italiano. -
Period: to
renaissance
The Renaissance (UK: /rɪˈneɪsəns/ rin-AY-sənss, US: /ˈrɛnəsɑːns/ ⓘ REN-ə-sahnss) is a period of history and a European cultural movement covering the 15th and 16th centuries. It marked the transition from the Middle Ages to modernity and was characterized by an effort to revive and surpass the ideas and achievements of classical antiquity. -
Period: to
Barroque
The Baroque (UK: /bəˈrɒk/ bə-ROK, US: /-ˈroʊk/ -ROHK; French: [baʁɔk]) is a Western style of architecture, music, dance, painting, sculpture, poetry, and other arts that flourished from the early 17th century until the 1750s. -
Period: to
Giacomo Carissimi
(Gian) Giacomo Carissimi (Italian pronunciation: baptized 18 April 1605 – 12 January 1674) was an Italian composer and music teacher. He is one of the most celebrated masters of the early Baroque or, more accurately, the Roman School of music.[1] Carissimi established the characteristic features of the Latin oratorio and was a prolific composer of masses, motets, and cantatas. -
Period: to
Barbara Strozzi
Barbara Strozzi (also called Barbara Valle; baptised 6 August 1619 – 11 November 1677) was an Italian composer and singer of the Baroque Period. During her lifetime, Strozzi published eight volumes of her own music, and had more secular music in print than any other composer of the era. This was achieved without support from the Church or consistent patronage from the nobility. -
Period: to
Stradivarius
Antonio Stradivari Cremona, 1644n 1—Cremona, 18 de diciembre de 1737) fue el más prominente lutier italiano. La forma latina de su apellido, Stradivarius, se utiliza para referirse a sus instrumentos. -
Period: to
Henry Purcel
Henry Purcell. 10 September 1659[n 2] – 21 November 1695) was an English composer of Baroque music. Purcell's musical style was uniquely English, although it incorporated Italian and French elements. Generally considered among the greatest English opera composers,[4] Purcell has been assessed with John Dunstaple and William Byrd as England's most important early music composer. -
Period: to
Antonio Vivaldi
Antonio Vivaldi (Venecia, República de Venecia, 4 de marzo de 1678-Viena, 28 de julio de 1741) fue un compositor, violinista, empresario, profesor y sacerdote católico veneciano del Barroco -
Period: to
George Philipp Telemann
Georg Philipp Telemann (German pronunciation: 24 March 1681 – 25 June 1767) was a German Baroque composer and multi-instrumentalist. He is one of the most prolific composers in history, at least in terms of surviving oeuvre. -
Period: to
Johann Sebastian Bach
Johann Sebastian Bach (31 March 1685 – 28 July 1750) was a German composer and musician of the late Baroque period. -
Period: to
Georg Friedrich Händel
Georg Friedrich Händela ; en inglés George Frideric Handel (Halle, Brandeburgo-Prusia; 23 de./ 5 de marzo de 1685greg.-Londres; 14 de abril de 1759) fue un compositor alemán, posteriormente nacionalizado inglés, considerado una de las figuras cumbre de la historia de la música, especialmente la barroca, y uno de los más influyentes compositores de la música occidental y universal. -
Christoph Willibald Gluck
Is one of the gretest compositors of opera.
He completely reformed the opera by eliminating the da capo arias, eliminating the long dry recitatives with harpsichord and replacing them with recitatives accompanied by the orchestra, dispensing with the castrati and giving greater relevance to the plot of the works. -
Franz Joseph Haydn
He is one of the greatest representatives of the Classical period, besides being known as the “father of the symphony” and the “father of the string quartet” thanks to his important contributions to both genres. He also contributed to the instrumental development of the piano trio and the evolution of the sonata form. -
Maria Anna Walburga Ignatia Moza
Also called Nannerl1 and Marianne, was a famous musician of the 18th century. She was the elder sister of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart and daughter of Leopold and Anna Maria Mozar. -
Johannes Chrysostomus Wolfgangus Theophilus Mozart
Was a German composer, pianist, conductor and teacher,1 from the former Archbishopric of Salzburg (formerly part of the Holy Roman Empire, now part of Austria). A master of classicism, he is considered one of the most influential and outstanding musicians in history. -
Maria Theresia Von Paradis
Was an Austrian pianist and composer. Although she completely lost her sight at the age of three, this did not prevent the production and work of this great pianist, singer and composer from standing out. Her contributions were fundamental for the musical education of her time, especially for the blind. She caused great interest in the renowned composers of her time, among them Mozart and Haydn. -
Ludwig van Beethoven
Was a German composer, conductor, pianist and piano teacher. His musical legacy spans, chronologically, from Classicism to the beginnings of Romanticism. He is considered one of the most important composers in the history of music and his legacy has had a decisive influence on the subsequent evolution of this art. -
Gioachino Rossini
Was an Italian composer who gained fame for his 39 operas, although he also wrote many songs, some chamber music and piano pieces, and some sacred music. He set new standards for both comic and serious opera before retiring from large-scale composition while still in his thirties, at the height of his popularity. -
Franz Peter Schuber
known as Franz Schubert, was an Austrian composer of the early musical Romanticism and, at the same time, continuator of the classical sonata following the model of Ludwig van Beethoven. Despite his short life, he left a great legacy, which includes more than six hundred secular vocal works (mainly lieder), seven complete symphonies, sacred music, operas, incidental music and a large number of works for piano and chamber music. -
Period: to
contemporary age
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Robert Schumann
Was a German composer, pianist and music critic of the 19th century, considered one of the most important and representative composers of musical Romanticism. -
Johannes Brahms
Was a German composer, pianist and conductor of the Romantic period, considered the most classical of the composers of that period. Born into a Lutheran family, he spent much of his professional life in Vienna. -
Hugo Filipp Jakob Wolf
Was an Austrian composer of Slovenian origin who lived in Vienna during the late 19th century. An enthusiastic follower of Richard Wagner, he got mixed up in the disputes existing in Vienna, at that time, between Wagnerians and Formalists or Brahmsians. He was a very enthusiastic person, but also very unbalanced. -
Gustav Mahler
Was an Austro-Bohemian composer and conductor whose works are considered, along with those of Richard Strauss, the most important of post-Romanticism.