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1450 BCE
Printing in Paper
Date:1450 bc
Place:China
Description:Widespread use of printed books in 11ᵗʰ century Song dynasty China -
1492
European mariners reach the Americas
Date:1492
Place:America
Description:Colonial settlements; 16ᵗʰ century Columbian Exchange of cultural infrastructure between New and Old Worlds, and Great Dying of 56 million indigenous peoples of the Americas -
Observations of the orbits of Jupiter’s moons
Date:1610
Place:Itali
Description:falsifying church doctrine of Earth as the only centre of movement in the Universe authority of evidence-based science -
First practical compression refrigerator
Date:1856
Place:Australia
Description:for storing perishable foods → globalisation of trade in fresh and frozen meat, seafood, fruit and vegetables -
Atomic bombs dropped by the US on Hiroshima and Nagasaki
Date:1945
Place:Japan
Description:the blasts and subsequent cancers killing over 250,000 people, mostly civilians; to date the only nuclear weapons used in combat -
First diagnosis of AIDS
Date:1981
Place:U.S.A
Description: identification of causal HIV by Françoise Barré-Sinoussi and Luc Montagnier, France, 1983; global epidemic killing 36 million by 2021; continuing health risk -
Launch of Wikipedia
Date:2001
Place:U.S.A
Description:world’s largest work of general reference, open to editing by registered users -
Terrorist attacks on World Trade Center and Pentagon
Date:2001
Place:U.S.A
Description:accelerating globalisation of jihadi networks instigated in the 1980s, and counter-terrorism strategies