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Jim Crow laws
These laws were lasted about 100 years and denied African Amercans many rights that other (mostly white) poeple had access to. For example, they were prohibited from voting and had very limited acces to jobs and education. -
NAACP
The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People was created to fight for the rights of colored people. They fought against ideas like denial of voting rights, racial violence, discrimination in employment, and segregated public facilities. -
CORE
The Congress of Racial Equality was founded on January 1, 1942. This organization worked with MLK until the mid-1960s when it adopted less peaceful black separatist policies. -
Brown v. Board of Education
Oliver Brown, a black resident of Topeka, Kansas wanted to enroll his daughter into the school closest to their home but the public school district refused and made her ride a bus to a segregated black elementary school farther away. The victory of Oliver Brown led to the overturning of the Plessy v. Ferguson decision which allowed segregation within schools. -
Martin Luther King, Jr.
Martin Luther King, Jr. was a huge leader in the fight for civil rights. He was against violence and lead numerous peaceful protests, sit-ins, and rallies -
SCLC
The Southern Christian Leadership Conference can be traced back to the Montgomery Bus Boycotts. These boycotts were inspired by Rosa Parks and lasted for 381 days, ending with the Montgomery bus system being desegregated. -
Little Rock Nine
A group of African American high-school students enrolled at the schools of Little Rock. The school had warned them not to come on the first day so they came on the second and were met by a mob who yelled at, threw things at, and threatened them. Even thought they were turned around at the door, their actions sparked action all accross the country. -
Greensboro Woolworth Sit-ins
A civil rights protest that started in 1960. It began when African American students began a sit-in at a segregated Woolworth's lunch counter. The movement quickly spread to college towns throughout the south. -
SNCC
The Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee used nonviolent tactics to fight for civil rights. This organization stayed independent from MLK and the SCLC. -
Black Power and Stokely Carmichael
Stokely Carmichael was an activist who created the slogan “Black power.” He began helping fight for civil rights in high school and was the youngest person to be arrested for participating in freedom rides. -
James Meredith and Ole Miss
James Meridith became the first African American to attend the University of Michigan. He applied multiple times and was rejected but ultimately (after a decision by the Supreme Court) he was allowed to attend. People rioted and attacked marshals upon his arrival and he was required to have 24-hour protection. -
Malcolm X
An African American leader and minister who supported Black nationalism. He believed in fighting for equality but he wasn't as peaceful as other activists like MLK. -
John F. Kennedy's Role in the Civil Rights Movement
Kennedy believed that the fight for civil rights was moral, constitutional, and legal. He gave major civil rights legislation to Congress in order to give equal access to public facilities, end segregation, and protect the right to vote. -
24th Amendment
This amendment to the constitution was ratified by South Dakota and outlawed the poll tax. These poll taxes mostly affected African American voters. -
Civil Rights Act of 1964
This Act prohibits discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, or national origin. It was a huge victory for the civil rights movement. -
Lyndon B. Johnson's Role in the Civil Rights Movement
Johnson signed the extremely important Civil Rights Act. His signing was televised nationally. -
Voting Rights Act of 1965
This Act outlawed the discriminatory voting practices adopted in many southern states. It specifically banned any voting practice that was discriminating even if the practice wasn't intended that way. -
Black Panthers and Huey Newton
Also known as the Black Panther Party, the Black Panthers were a political organization, founded by Huey Newton and Bobby Seale, that fought for civil rights. They had many violent encounters with police. -
Kerner Commission
A group of 11 members that meat to investigate the reasons for recent riots. They came to the conclusion that the country would be split between white and black societies unless something was done to change it. -
Assassination of MLK, Jr.
The extremely influential activist, Martin Luther King Jr. was shot and killed in Memphis Tennessee. THE killer is believed to be James Earl Ray.
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