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The Functions of the Executive
Chester Barnard
1. Organizations depend on the willingness of participants
2. Participants must contribute toward a common rational purpose -
Patterns of Industrial Bureaucracy
Alvin Gouldner 3 possible responses to a formal bureaucratic structure.
-Mock: formal rules are ignored by management and labor
-Punishment-Centered: management attemts to enforce rules that workers resist
-Representative: rules are enforced and obeyed -
Leadership in Administration
Philip Selznick 4 styles of leadership
-Job-centered
-Benevolent authorities
-Consultative
-Participative -
Social Behavior and the Administrative process
Gretzels & Guba 2 dimensions shape organizations
-Nomothetic
-Idiographic -
The Human Organization
Rensis Likert Identified four styles of leadership; job-centered, benevolent authorities, consultative, and participative.
