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Period: 1350 to
Renaissance
The Renaissance (about the 14th to about the 17th century) is a cultural movement, beginning in Italy and reaching elsewhere in Europe, characterised by renewed interest within art, science and philosophy for classical antiquity. Renaissance art, characterized by an emphasis on humanism, proportion, and perspective, was a celebration of natural beauty, individual accomplishment and the human form.
In Spain it began in 1492 -
1420
Florence Cathedral's dome, by Brunelleschi
Completed in 1436 (begun 1296), the finest of the Renaissance buildings: Santa Maria del Fiore, Florence. Brunelleschi's dome changed architecture. The green, pink and white marble exterior is truly spectacular with nearby Giotto's bell tower and the Baptistery housing Ghiberti's "Gates of Paradise." -
1498
Pietá by Michelangelo Buonarroti
Michelangelo's Pietà is known for its expressiveness and extraordinary detail. Mary, cradling her son, dead; such pain and beauty. Made when Michelangelo was only 24 years old, it is one of his greatest works, that why the Michelanglo is great know. -
Period: 1499 to
Baroque art
Baroque art, emerging in 16th-century Rome and flourishing through the mid-18th century, is known for its dramatic, emotional, and ornate style. Unlike the restrained elegance of the Renaissance, Baroque artists used elaborate details and theatrical compositions to inspire awe and a spiritual response, aligning with the Catholic Church’s Counter-Reformation goals. -
1509
The school of Athens by Raphael Sanzio
A well-known fresco of ancient philosophers including Plato, Aristotle and Socrates, the School of Athens (1509–1511) by Italian Renaissance artist Raphael fills a wall in the Vatican. So, combining classical philosophy and renaissance spirit with perspective, composition, colour it is an important example of renaissance art with a humanistic influence. -
Period: 1520 to 1521
Revoult of the Comuneros in Castilla
The Revolt of the Comuneros (1520–1521) was an uprising in Castile against King Charles I (later Holy Roman Emperor Charles V), driven by resentment over his foreign advisors, heavy taxation, and favoritism toward non-Castilians. The rebellion consisted of militias and councils, or comunidades, led by urban middle-class citizens, small landowners, and some nobility. -
Period: 1568 to
The Eighty Years War
The Eighty Years' War (1568–1648), also known as the Dutch Revolt, was a protracted struggle between the Seventeen Provinces of the Spanish Netherlands (modern-day Netherlands, Belgium, and Luxembourg) and the Spanish Empire, culminating in the independence of the Dutch Republic. This conflict arose from a mix of political, economic, and religious tensions, as the Protestant provinces sought freedom from Spanish Catholic rule and its heavy-handed governance. -
Period: 1568 to 1571
The Revolution of Alpujarras
The Revolt of the Alpujarras (1568–1571) was an uprising in the mountainous Alpujarras region of southern Spain, led by the Moriscos (Muslims forcibly converted to Christianity) against the rule of King Philip II. The Moriscos faced increasing restrictions on their customs, language, and religious practices as the Spanish crown sought to enforce Catholic orthodoxy and cultural assimilation, culminating in the 1567 edict that banned traditional Moorish dress, language, and customs. -
The defeat of the Spanish Armada by England
In the history of our times, there was a key event: the defeat of the Spanish Armada in 1588. In 1588 King Philip II of Spain sent the fleet to invade Protestant England. The English were led by Sir Francis Drake and outmaneuvered the much larger Spanish armada using more maneuverable craft at sea and more favorable weather conditions. It was a defeat from which Spain never recovered her naval dominance and marked the ascendancy of England as a leading, even if she was not yet a world power. -
Apolo and Daphne by Bernini
Gian Lorenzo Bernini's Apollo and Daphne (1622-1625) depicts Greek myth. It depicts the god of the sun Apollo pursing Daphne, who escapes and turns into a laurel tree to avoid him. Bernini freezes this transformation in marble with such surprising detail: Apollo's frustrated expression at nature's ascendant triumph, Daphne's body becoming bark and leaves. The sculpture propably a best masterpiece of Baroque art, dynamic and emotional. It’s now displayed in Rome. -
Saint Peter's square projected by Bernini
The entrance to the Holy See through Saint Peter's Square in Vatican City, a 17th-century design by Gian Lorenzo Bernini, represents an architectural marvel of the loving embrace of the Church. Berninis plan (commissioned by Pope Alexander VII) was born to produce a large, open space so massive crowds could stand beneath the blessing of the Pope filling it with its symbolic function as an arm embracing sheltering people in belief. -
The spinners by Velázquez
Spinners or The Fable of Arachne (also spider work) is a famous painting by Diego Velázquez. The work is famous for its complex composition, expert play of light and shadow, and layered story that combines myth, quotidian life and art itself. One of his most mysterious works, this painting is located in the Prado Museum, Madrid, Spain -
Period: to
Neoclassical art
Neoclassicism, dating from the mid-18th century (c. 1760) to the early 19th century. A response to the flamboyant and theatrical style of the preceding Rococo period, it was based primarily on the art, literature and culture of Ancient Greece and Rome. Neoclassicism was compatible with Enlightenment values of reason, morality, and civic virtue advocating simplicity, clarity, and order. -
Oath of the Horatil by Jacques-Louis David
Oath of the Horatii (1784) by Jacques-Louis David is a powerful and iconic painting that embodies the values of patriotism, duty, and sacrifice. Created during the late 18th century as neoclassicism was on the rise, this work reflects Enlightenment ideals and became a symbol of French revolutionary fervor. -
Carlos IV of Spain and his family by Francisco de Goya
"La Familia de Carlos IV" (1800), painted by Francisco Goya, is a famous group portrait of the Spanish royal family of King Charles IV. This painting, now housed in the Prado Museum in Madrid, is renowned not only for its technical mastery but also for its unique, somewhat subversive approach to royal portraiture. Here are some key aspects of this work: