Milestones Project - COMS 3063

By missasue9213

  • Content: 0-2 months

    Semantic Development
    * A baby will startle and look towards sounds

  • Roxy is born!

    Roxy is born!

  • Form: 0-2 months

    Vocalizations
    * 0-2 months: a baby is taking in a lot of information and using reflexive vocalizations
    ex). coughing, crying

  • Use: 0-2 months

    Social Attentiveness
    * quiets, smiles, or turns when hearing speech
    * Uses different sounds to represent moods or needs
  • Period: to

    Infancy

    0-12 months old
    Phonological Awareness
    This is the time period when baby are most receptive to sounds. They work really hard to differentiate each unique sound they here
    Joint Reference Attention
    Babies will learn to pay attention to who is in front of them, talking. They will learn to recognize their caregivers' faces and voices, as well as their favorite objects.

  • Form: 1-4 months

    Vocalizations
    * 1-4 months: babies start using controlled phonation, or "cooing".

  • Content: 2-4months

    Semantic Development
    * Babies will hold objects, inspects them, and explore them using their mouths and

  • Use: 2-4 months

    Face recognition
    * At this stage, babies can look at faces briefly and begin to recognize strangers versus loved ones.

  • Form: 3-8 months

    Vocalizations
    * 3-8 months: a baby's use of vocalizations expands rapidly and are able to start producing clear vowels and glides.

  • Content: 4-6 months

    Semantic Development
    * Purposeful reactions emerge
    * Giggles laughing
    * Reacts to toys with sounds and follows objects with their eyes
    * blows raspberries

  • Use: 4-6 months

    Social Development
    * Will begin to recognize their own name
    * Can fix their gaze on faces or objects
    * Responding to facial expressions

  • Form: 5-10 months

    Vocalizations
    * 5-10 months: Basic Cannonical Babbling starts
    ex). "da" or "ma"
    * ~7-9 month mark: long strings of babbling emerge
    ex). "mamamamama"

  • Content: 6-8 months

    • Semantic Development*
      • Begins to initiate gestures
        • ex). Raising arms to get picked up
      • responds to "no"
      • Recognizes their name
      • Beginning to recognize names of other people

  • Use: 6-8 months

    Joint Attention
    ~At this stage, babies can understand that both the speaker and they are focusing on the same thing.
    * looks for caregiver when they become upset
    * Uses gestures to communicate needs or wants
    * Pushes objects away when they are done playing with it.

  • Content: 8-11 months

    Semantic Development
    * Babies begin to understand that hidden objects still exist even though they can't see them.
    *Beginning to recognize other people's names
    * ex). Auntie Lissa

  • Use: 8-11 months

    Intentional Communication
    * Reaching for objects
    * Repeating sounds others make
    * Imitating gestures they see other use to engage socially

  • Form: 9-18 months

    Vocalizations
    * 9-18 months: Advanced forms emerge
    - dipthongs, multisyllables, jargon
    ex). "mama" or "dada"

  • Content: 10-12 months

    Semantic Development
    * Ability to pair rationality with gestures vocalizations (exhibits goals)
    * ex). points, ways or gives objects away
    * ex). blow kisses or play peek-a-boo
    * Can produce their 1st intentional word
    * Can recognize and understand 5-10 words
    * ex). "bye-bye"

  • Use: 10-12 months

    Imperative Pointing
    * Points, waves or hands objects to others
    * Uses known words socially

  • Roxy turns 1

    Roxy turns 1
  • Period: to

    Toddlerhood

    The main themes of toddlerhood are:
    * building a lexicon
    * Theory of Mind emerging
    * Discourse skills

  • Content: 13-18 months

    lexicon development
    • First Words - usually people or objects they encounter everyday
      • True words must be: (1) intentional/purposeful, (2) recognizable / intelligible, (3) used consistently in varied environments
      • ex. "mama" or "kitty"
    • Referential Gestures - precede the one-word stage and help toddlers begin categorizing words
      • ex. waving good-bye *By 16 months old, a child can pronounce about 25% of their words intelligibly.
        • Fast Mapping

  • Form: 13-18 months

    At this point, there is not much in form. Toddlers at this age utilize referential gestures and some (around 6) single true words to communicate

  • Use: 13-18 months

    • Can point to body parts or familiar objects when asked
    • Can follow simple commands
    • Uses referential gestures primarily to communicate

  • Use: 19-24 months

    • Can follow one-step directions
    • Learning how to take turns in conversation
      • 2-3 rounds
    • Learning how to initiate or leave a discussion
      • ex) when to say "Hi" and "bye"

  • Content: 19-24 months

    • Transitional Period
      • By 18 months old, a toddler can usually learn novel non-neighbor words successfully, but may have difficulty with novel neighbors, such as "ball" and "call"
    • Incrementally processes words
      • many toddlers can associate partial phonetic sounds with their corresponding object
    • Major Achievement: 50 true words!

  • Form: 19-24 months

    • By the age of 2, a toddler can pronounce around 65% of their words clearly
    • beginning to use two-word utterances
    • First Grammatical morphemes emerge - often overgeneralized, but some irregular verbs are learned
      • first is usually -ing (ex. The dog is bark*ing*)
      • plural -s, possessive 's and past tense -ed also emerge
      • prepositions (ex. in, on, at)
      • contractions (ex. can't, won't) *multiword utterances (about 2 words long)
      • ex. "daddy up"
    • MLU: ~1.31-1.92

  • Roxy turns 2!

    Roxy turns 2!

  • Form: 2-3 years

    • By 28 months old, a child can speak intelligibly, but often use phonological processes in their speech (168)
      • syllable structure changes (ex. Da-Da for Daddy)
      • final-consonant omission
      • assimilation / substitution of consonants
        • ex. In velar assimilation, /d/ changes to /g/ in "dog" because the /g/ velarizes the /d/ sound. (determined by context)
    • MLU: ~1.92-3.16

  • Content: 2-3 years

    • By almost 3 years old, toddlers can suppress these phonological processes and pronounce about 80% of words intelligibly.
    • Theory of Mind is just starting to emerge
      • still attributing personal thoughts and feelings on others, but will slowly start recognizing that others have different thoughts about an object or experience
      • ex) "no, that's my mommy" when a sibling talks to their mom
    • Uses personal pronouns (ex. my, ,mine)
    • Understands possessives

  • Use: 2- 4 years

    Discourse Skills
    * Taking turns throughout a conversation
    * Able to follow non-contingent topics
    * Provide background information
    * Using the correct pronouns and responding appropriately to the other speaker

  • Roxy turns 3!

    Roxy turns 3!

  • Content: 3-4 years

    • Intelligibility increases
      • scaffolding still needed, but can generate new utterances
    • fast mapping morphs into slow mapping *fast mapping: novel name to nameless categories
      • slow mapping: refines the categories
      • semantic pruning begins *Semantic Learning
      • Interrogatives (ex. why, what, how)

  • Form: 3-4 years

    • increased phonological awareness
      • words, syllables, rhyming, onset, phoneme identity
      • pronouncing p, b, m, h, w, d, n correctly
      • liquid stopping
      • r l sounds become b, p, t, d sounds
    • Rate of development increases
      • Syllabicity
      • allomorphic variation
      • consistency
      • final positions *Sentence structure emerges
      • ex) Subject-verb-object: "Mom went shopping"
      • ex) Subject-verb-compliment: "The sky is blue"
    • MLU: ~3.16-4.40
  • Period: to

    Preschool Age

    Conversation, Literacy, and Metalinguistics

  • Roxy turns 4!

    Roxy turns 4!

  • Content: 4-5 years

    • Contextual knowledge changes to Full knowledge
    • Semantic learning:
      • Deictic (ex. this, that, these, those)
      • Temporal (before, after, now)
      • Locational prepositions
      • relationship
    • Slow mapping transitions to extended mapping

  • Use: 4-5 years

    Telling a story
    * Can repeat a story for a book or movie
    * Can recognize signs or logos
    * ex) Stop signs
    * Learning Conversational skills
    * quantity, quality, relation manner
    * Emerging literacy skills
    * Metalinguistic skills
    * can start talking about language
    * print awareness
    * follows the words in a book and pretends to read
    * Can recognize ~10 letters
    * Can write their own name

  • Form: 4-5 years

    • Can pronounce t, k, g, f, y, and–ingcorrectly
    • Is mostly intelligible speech
    • Uses 4 or more words in an utterance
      • Subject-verb-object-adverb
      • ex) Skye flies home faster
      • Subject-verb-complement-adverb
      • ex) Bluey is tired now
      • Subject auxiliary-verb-adverb
      • ex) The dog is barking funny

  • Today

    Today