-
.
Indigenous
population
estimated
at
300,000– 750,000.
-
.
From
1788-‐1868,
160,000
convicts
were
shipped
to
the
Australian
colonies
from
the
United
Kingdom.
From
the
early
1790s,
free
immigrants
also
began
coming
to
Australia.
-
.
During the Gold Rush
era
of
1851
to
1860,
around
500,000
people
migrated
to
Australia.
The
main
migrant
communities
were
from
England,
Ireland,
Scotland,
Wales,
China
and
the
USA.
-
.
From 1860 1900,
labourers
from
Melanesia
(Pacific
Islands)
were
recruited
to
work
on
Queensland
sugar
plantations.
-
.
From 1850–1900,
Afghani,
Pakistani
and
Turkish
camel
handlers
played
an
important
part
in
opening
up
central
Australia,
helping
in
the
building
of
telegraph
and
railway
lines. -
.
In
the
late
1800s,
Japanese
fishers
were
important
in
the
pearling
industry. -
.
1901
–
With
Federation,
the
Immigration
Restriction
Act
was
passed
which
made
it
very
difficult
for
non-‐ English
speaking
immigrants
to
come
to
Australia.
This
was
the
beginning
of
the
White
Australia
Policy
that
existed
until
1973.
-
.
After World War 2 during
the
1950
and
1960s,
large
numbers
of
migrants
came
to
Australia
from
the
Netherlands,
Greece,
Italy,
Malta,
Germany
and
Turkey.
This
was
part
of
the
‘Populate
or
Perish’
migration
policy.
-
.
Hungarian
refugees
fled
fighting
in
their
country.
-
.
In 1968 Czech
refugees
fled
fighting.
-
.
In
1973,
refugees
came
to
Australia
from
Chile
following
the
overthrow
of
the
elected
government.
-
.
From
1975-‐1985,
over
90,000
refugees
came
to
Australia
from
Indochina
(Vietnam,
Cambodia
and
Laos)
after
the
end
of
the
Vietnam
War.
-
.
Form 1976-1981,
approximately
16,000
Lebanese
refugees
fled
civil
war.
-
.
From 2000 Australia
has
taken
in
people
from
a
broad
range
of
countries
including
Iraq,
Myanmar,
Afghanistan,
Sudan,
India
and
Sri
Lanka.
However,
the
majority
of
settlers
are
from
New
Zealand
and
the
UK.