-
Migration to Australia
Occured around 58,000 b.c. This was the international migration of hunter-gatherer nomads from the Southeast Asian area as they followed food sources in search of plentiful hunting oppurtunities. They were pushed because of depletion of food sources, and pulled because of the food oppurtunities. -
Migration to America
Occured around 28,000 b.c. Another ancient example of nomadic people following their food source internationally into new areas. Again, they were pushed because of lack of food, and pulled because of the food oppurtunities. -
South American Migration
Occured around 10,000 b.c. Yet another example of international migration due to food sources. these people were pushed once more because of depleting food, and pulled as they followed their prey throughout unexplored terrain. -
Austronesian Migrations
Occured around 3,000 b.c. This is an ancient example of interregional migration, as the Austronesians disperesed among the pacific islands. They were pushed to migrate both by depleting food sources and rapid increase in population following the agriculural revolutions, so their pull was that of uninhabited countryside that could provide adequate space for gathering/farming food and controlling population. -
Inca Migration into the Andes
Occurred around 1200b.c. The Incas at this time were a small agrarian society that migrated interregionally in search of lucritive farmland, which they found in the valleys of the Andean mountains. Their push was lack of arable farmland, and their pull was the fertility of the valleys in the Andes. -
Bantu Migration
Began around 3,000b.c. The Bantu poeple migrated internally and interregionally as they spread their culture and languages to almost all of sub-saharan Africa. Their push factors were mainly war and depletion of farmland, and the pull factors were much better grazing areas and more arable land. -
Western Migration of the Xiongnu
Occurred around 51 b.c. The Xiongnu nomads faced war and persecution from the Han Chinese, so they migrated west in order to not be conquered or killed.This was international migration with the main push factor being the persecution/violonce associated with the Chinese, and a pull factor being the safety of the uninhabited countryside. -
Migration of Lombard Invasion Refugees
Occurred around 569c.e. These people were subject to the wrath of the Lombards, and fled for their lives to the islands of the Venetian lagoon, where they later founded Venice. This was international migration, and the refugees were forced by push factors of impending death or capture as POW's to leave the country. The pull factor of the Venetian islands was that of isolation and safety; an area where the refugees could start over. -
Visigoth Migration to Spain
Occurred around 718c.e. the Visigoths were forced to retreat into northern Spain following their defeat by the Arabs. Here, they bought some time and established a new last-resort kingdom to try and reboot after their defeat. This was International migration, with the push factor being the the onslaught of Arabs, and the pull factor being the temporary relief from invasion in the virtually free area of Spain. -
Forced Migration of Convicts/Felons to Australia
Occurred 1788 c.e onward. The forced international migration of convicted felons to Australia from England occurred because of the overcrowding of penetentiaries and detention centers in Europe. The push factors that made the authorities export them was the overcrowding of prisons, and the pull factor was a distributiion of the felons throughout Australia, and a new life away from England for the ones moved there. -
Migration of Freed Slaves to Liberia
Occurred first in 1822 c.e. The United States government bought the area now known as Liberia so that they could settle freed slaves in a safe and open environment. The push factor for this international migration of slaves was the lack of respect and oppurtunities they had in America, while the pull factor of Liberia was the chance for a clean slate and a new, free, unpersecuted life. -
Irish Potato Famine refugees
Occurred 1846 c.e. This migration can be seen as forced or voluntary, but most regard it as forced because of the catastrophe occuring in the Irish homeland. The push factor for the international migration of the Irish was the famine that resulted from the disease that killed off their potatos. The famine starved an incredible amount of Ireland's population, and if you stayed, you most likely became one of the dead. America's pull factor was the economic oppurtunities and steady food source. -
Migration of "Okies" During the Dust Bowl
Occurred during 1930's. This internal intraregional migration occurred when the plains region of the U.S expirienced the dust bowl, which eliminated all means of farming and sent America into a huge drought. The push factors of the Okies' migration to California was the drought and lack of water, while the pull factors of the other regions were no dust,as well as the availability of fresh water, and farming oppurtunities. -
Migration of Refugees from the Communist Revolution
Occurred during the 1940's. When the communists took control of eastern European countries, many pro-democracy individuals migrated to western Europe and America, where democracy was already in place. The push factor for this international migration was the communist government, and the pull factor of western Europe and America was the more familiar and accomodating democracy. -
Modern Migration of Mexicans to America
Occurring as you read this timeline. The International migration of Mexicans to America has been going on for quite some time now, and continues to be an issue today. They are migrating mainly because of the push factors of horrible economies/job oppurtunities, as well as violence with the drug war and poor living conditions in shanty towns. The economic pull of America appeals to Mexicans because it gives them chances to turn their lives around with a nicer job and better living conditions.
