Migration and human development

Tools- fire

230,000 BCE

Fire provided a source of warmth, protection, improvement in hunting and a method for cooking food. They discovered meat could be dried with the use of fire, allowing it to be preserved for harsh weather conditions. Fire was even used in forming tools to be used for hunting and cutting meat.

Australopithecus

200,000 BCE

-4 million years ago
-First hominid
-Located in central Africa, present day Ethiopia
-they lived in trees and were animal like
-are fruits, berries, nuts
This is important because It was the start of the evolutionary chain

Homo Habilis

200,000 BCE

-2.5 million years ago
Homo Habilis were the first ones to use stones to create tools. (Ex. Teardrop shape hand axes, these tools allows them to hunt and process animals.) Having larger brains allowed us to making better decisions and have better communication with one another.

Homo Erectus

200,000 BCE

-1.8 million years ago
In the time of Homo Erectus they started standing up right, they were the oldest known early humans to have possessed modern human-like body’s, there extremities became more proportional for their body’s. They still lived in Africa but eventually migrated to Eurasia.

Homo Sapien Sapiens

200,000 BCE

Homo sapien Sapiens existed 200,000 years ago until today. They are the most human like, and were able to survive due to language and collective learning. Homo Sapiens Sapiens are different because they had the ability to run well and accurately throw things.

Tools-spear

200,000 BCE

The invention of stone-tipped spears was a significant point in human evolution, allowing our ancestors to kill animals more efficiently and have regular access to meat and high-quality foods, which is related to increases in brain size.

Mount Toba Eruption

75,000 BCE

When Mount Toba erupted it caused a severe decrease in the size of the human population due to the effects of the global climate (volcanic winter). There was so much ash from the eruption that it blocked out the sun for 6 years. The eruption also killed off forests, which could possibly decrease food, and shelter for humans.

Out of Africa theory

65,000 BCE

Out of Africa is the idea that humanity first developed and migrated out of Africa. They started to move because they didn’t have enough space and the climate started to change forcing them to move, they followed the coast lines for a food source. Because of the out of Africa theory it tells us we all developed differently, in different areas.

Land bridge

13,000 BCE

The land bridge connected Asia and North America (Alaska) over 13,000 years ago. A migration theory is that people crossed this land bridge and eventually migrated into North and South America The land bridge was the safest way to travel with large groups on foot. The glaciers from the ice age made it dangerous to travel with large groups of people because they could crack and break.

The Last Ice Age

12,500 BCE

Sheets of ice covered all of Antarctica, large parts of Europe, North America, and South America, and small areas in Asia. There was a lot of movement over time, and there were about 20 cycles when the glaciers would advance and retreat as they thawed and refroze

Tools- Hand axe

10,000 BCE

The hand axe was a pear-shaped and roughly chipped stone tool brought to an even point, with a broad handle. The hand axe was used for many different tasks, such as butchering animals and digging up tubers. The design was refined to include knives, scrapers and arrowheads, along with other things.

The City of Jericho

9000 BCE

Jericho is one of the earliest continuous settlements in the world, dated from about 9000 BCE. Jerichos site has great archaeological importance, it provides evidence of the first development of permanent settlements and of the first steps toward civilization.

Invention of Agriculture

8000 BCE

People slow down with hunting and gathering and discover that seeds can be planted so crops can grow, more people start to stop hunting and begin farming. People then start setting up villages and small communities. Because of agriculture the population began to increase due more food being available and they didn’t have to move around to hunt food to eat.

Domesticated animals

8000 BCE

People in Mesopotamia began to tame animals for meat, milk, and hides. Hides, or the skins of animals, were used for clothing, storage, and to build tent shelters. Later on people began domesticating larger animals, such as oxe or horses, for plowing and transportation.