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Evil Spirits
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They performed ceremonies to exorcise evil spirits.
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Digitalis, Quinine, Belladonna, Atropine, Morphine.
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They are the earliest people to keep accurate health records. The priests acted as physicians. They used medicine to heal disease.
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These people were the first to use primitive acupuncture therapies, they used stone tools to treat illness and diseases.
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They were the first to study the causes of diseases and determined that illnesses may have natural causes and not spiritual. Religious custom did not allow bodies to be dissected. Hippocrates is the father of medicine.
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The Romans were the first to organize medical care. For sanitization, they worse masks which had a spice-filled beak which the Romans believed protected them from infection and bad odors. Roman physicians kept a room in their houses for the ill which is the beginning of hospitals.
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The Roman Empire was conquered by the Huns which caused study of medicine to stop.
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The primary treatment was prayer because the Church has believed life and death were in God’s hands.
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Bubonic plague, smallpox, diphtheria, syphilis, and tuberculosis.
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Rebirth of learning. Building of universities and medical schools for research. Acceptance of dissection of the body for study. Development of the printing press and the publishing of books allowing greater access to knowledge from research.
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He studied and recorded the anatomy of the body.
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Discovered the fallopian tubes of the female anatomy.
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Discovered the tube leading from the ear to the throat.
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He used this knowledge to understand physiology, he was able to describe the circulation of blood and the pumping of the heart.
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Invented the microscope and found bacteria.
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Early pharmacies, they engaged in flourishing trade in drugs and spices from the East.
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He discovered bifocals, colds can be passed from person to person. -
When a person died, they dissected the body and were able to observe the disease process, this lead to a better understanding of illness and death.
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Discovered the element oxygen, he also observed that plants refresh air that has lost it’s oxygen, making it usable for respiration. -
Discovered a method of vaccination for smallpox. His discovery saved millions of lives. His discovery also led to immunization and to preventive medicine in public health. -
Invented the stethoscope. -
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Identified the cause of childbed fever.
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Founder of modern nursing. -
Discovered that tiny microorganisms were everywhere and he proved that they caused disease. Also discovered that heating milk prevented the growth of bacteria.
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He discovered that some diseases are caused by microorganisms which are called viruses. Some are, poliomyelitis, chicken pox, rabies, measles, German measles, herpes zoster, influenza, and mumps. -
Became the first doctor to use an antiseptic during surgery which helped prevent infection in the incision. -
Developed asepsis, he developed a method to keep an area germ-free before and during surgery.
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He discovered many diseases-causing organisms. Developed the culture plate method to identify pathogens and also isolated the bacterium that causes tuberculosis.
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Discovered the effect of medicine on disease causing microorganisms. His treatment was not effective in killing other bacteria. He completed 606 experiments.
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Discovered x-rays.
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Surgery was performed on patients without anesthesia to begin. Nitrous oxide, ether, and chloroform were discovered, which these drugs have the ability to put people in to a deep sleep so that they do not experience pain during surgery.
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Found that penicillin killed life-threatening bacteria.
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Discovered the conscious and unconscious parts of the mind.
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Discovered sulfonamide compounds. These were the first medications effective in killing bacteria. -
Discovered that a dead polio virus would cause immunity to poliomyelitis. -
Used a live polio virus vaccine which is more effective. -
Discovered the molecular structure of DNA.
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Performed the first successful heart transplant in 1968.
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Continues to be a pioneer in separating Siamese twins and performing hemispherectomies, surgeries on the brain to stop seizures. -
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- Nurse and technicians are visiting patients/clients at home or caring for them in an ambulatory care setting.
- Doctors are now often practicing telemedicine.
- The possibility of eliminating disabling disease through genetic research.
- The ability to transplant organs from a donor to a recipient.
- The ability to reattach severed body parts.