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Period: 4000 BCE to 3000 BCE
Early Beginnings
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3900 BCE
Disease Caused By?
Evil Spirits -
3600 BCE
Treatments for Sick?
They performed ceremonies to exorcise evil spirits. -
3100 BCE
Medicine used today?
Digitalis, Quinine, Belladonna, Atropine, Morphine. -
Period: 2999 BCE to 399
Ancient Times
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2900 BCE
Ancient Egyptians
They are the earliest people to keep accurate health records. The priests acted as physicians. They used medicine to heal disease. -
1900 BCE
Ancient Chinese
These people were the first to use primitive acupuncture therapies, they used stone tools to treat illness and diseases. -
900 BCE
Ancient Greeks
They were the first to study the causes of diseases and determined that illnesses may have natural causes and not spiritual. Religious custom did not allow bodies to be dissected. Hippocrates is the father of medicine. -
100
Ancient Romans
The Romans were the first to organize medical care. For sanitization, they worse masks which had a spice-filled beak which the Romans believed protected them from infection and bad odors. Roman physicians kept a room in their houses for the ill which is the beginning of hospitals. -
Period: 400 to 800
Dark Age
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500
Stopped the study of medicine, why?
The Roman Empire was conquered by the Huns which caused study of medicine to stop. -
700
How do they treat disease?
The primary treatment was prayer because the Church has believed life and death were in God’s hands. -
Period: 800 to 1400
Middle Age
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1100
Epidemics
Bubonic plague, smallpox, diphtheria, syphilis, and tuberculosis. -
Period: 1350 to
Renaissance
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1450
Rebirth
Rebirth of learning. Building of universities and medical schools for research. Acceptance of dissection of the body for study. Development of the printing press and the publishing of books allowing greater access to knowledge from research. -
Period: 1501 to
16th and 17th Centuries
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1515
Leonardo da Vinci
He studied and recorded the anatomy of the body. -
1550
Gabriele Fallopius
Discovered the fallopian tubes of the female anatomy. -
1563
Bartolommeo Eustachio
Discovered the tube leading from the ear to the throat. -
William Harvey
He used this knowledge to understand physiology, he was able to describe the circulation of blood and the pumping of the heart. -
Antonie von Leeuwenhoek
Invented the microscope and found bacteria. -
Apothecaries
Early pharmacies, they engaged in flourishing trade in drugs and spices from the East. -
Period: to
18th Century
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Benjamin Franklin
He discovered bifocals, colds can be passed from person to person. -
Medical Students Learning
When a person died, they dissected the body and were able to observe the disease process, this lead to a better understanding of illness and death. -
Joseph Priestley
Discovered the element oxygen, he also observed that plants refresh air that has lost it’s oxygen, making it usable for respiration. -
Edward Jenner
Discovered a method of vaccination for smallpox. His discovery saved millions of lives. His discovery also led to immunization and to preventive medicine in public health. -
Rene Laennec
Invented the stethoscope. -
Period: to
19th and 20th Centuries
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Ignaz Semmelweis
Identified the cause of childbed fever. -
Florence Nightingale
Founder of modern nursing. -
Louis Pasteur
Discovered that tiny microorganisms were everywhere and he proved that they caused disease. Also discovered that heating milk prevented the growth of bacteria. -
Dmitri Ivanovski
He discovered that some diseases are caused by microorganisms which are called viruses. Some are, poliomyelitis, chicken pox, rabies, measles, German measles, herpes zoster, influenza, and mumps. -
Joseph Lister
Became the first doctor to use an antiseptic during surgery which helped prevent infection in the incision. -
Ernst von Bergmann
Developed asepsis, he developed a method to keep an area germ-free before and during surgery. -
Robert Koch
He discovered many diseases-causing organisms. Developed the culture plate method to identify pathogens and also isolated the bacterium that causes tuberculosis. -
Paul Ehrlich
Discovered the effect of medicine on disease causing microorganisms. His treatment was not effective in killing other bacteria. He completed 606 experiments. -
Wilhelm Roentgen
Discovered x-rays. -
Anesthesia
Surgery was performed on patients without anesthesia to begin. Nitrous oxide, ether, and chloroform were discovered, which these drugs have the ability to put people in to a deep sleep so that they do not experience pain during surgery. -
Sir Alexander Fleming
Found that penicillin killed life-threatening bacteria. -
Sigmund Freud
Discovered the conscious and unconscious parts of the mind. -
Gerhad Domagk
Discovered sulfonamide compounds. These were the first medications effective in killing bacteria. -
Jonas Salk
Discovered that a dead polio virus would cause immunity to poliomyelitis. -
Albert Sabin
Used a live polio virus vaccine which is more effective. -
Francis Crick and James Watson
Discovered the molecular structure of DNA. -
Christian Barnard
Performed the first successful heart transplant in 1968. -
Ben Carson
Continues to be a pioneer in separating Siamese twins and performing hemispherectomies, surgeries on the brain to stop seizures. -
Period: to
21st Century
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Advancements
- Nurse and technicians are visiting patients/clients at home or caring for them in an ambulatory care setting.
- Doctors are now often practicing telemedicine.
- The possibility of eliminating disabling disease through genetic research.
- The ability to transplant organs from a donor to a recipient.
- The ability to reattach severed body parts.