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527
Justinian I becomes Eastern Roman Emperor.
Justinian is best remembered for his Code of Civil Law (529), and expansion of imperial territory retaking Rome from the Ostrogoths. -
Dec 25, 1130
Roger II is crowned King of Sicil a royal title given him by the Antipope Anacletus II.
This coronation marks the beginning of the Kingdom of Sicily and its Mediterranean empire under the Norman kings, which was able to take on the Holy Roman Empire, the Papacy, and the Byzantine Empire. -
May 29, 1176
At the Battle of Legnano, the cavalry of Frederick Barbarossa is defeated by the infantry of the Lombard League.
This is the first major defeat of cavalry by infantry, signaling the new role of the bourgeosie. -
Jul 27, 1299
The Ottoman Empire is founded by Osman I.
Becomes longest lasting Islamic Empire, lasting over 600 years into the 20th century. -
Jul 20, 1402
Battle of Ankara
Bayezid I is captured by Tamerlane's forces, causing the interregnum of the Ottoman Empire. -
Oct 25, 1415
Battle of Agincourt.
The turning point in the Hundred Years' War for 15th Century England that lead to the signing of the Treaty of Troyes signed 5 years later, making Henry V heir of France. -
Nov 10, 1444
Battle of Varna
Final battle of the Crusade of Varna; Ottomans are victorious over the Hungarian-Polish armies, and Władysław III of Poland dies. -
May 22, 1455
Battle of St. Albans
Traditionally marks the beginning of the War of the Roses. -
Aug 22, 1485
Battle of Bosworth Field.
Richard III dies in battle, and Henry Tudor becomes king of England; last shift of Houses/kingship during the War of the Roses. -
Jun 15, 1487
Battle of Stoke.
Marks end of the War of the Roses.
