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Balfour Declaration
The Balfour Declaration led the Jewish community in Britain and America into believing that Great Britain would support the creation of a Jewish state in the Middle East. The declaration led the leauge of nations to entrust the U.K w/ the palestine mandate in 1922. After this, politics in the middle east became a lot more complicated as many jews emigrated to Palestine. Arabs did not like the number of jews that were there; problems soon arose. -
Palestine Becomes British Mandate
After WW1, leauge of Nations gave Britian control of Palestine. British then decided to seperate parts of Palestine for the Jewish and Arab settlements.This caused great tension between the Jews and Arabs, they wanted the land to themselves. In the 1930's more european Jews immigrated to Palestine because of Nazi Persecution.Before Palestine was Under British control, it was owned by Isreal. In 1945 Brisitsh left Palestine and gave control to the U.N. -
Holocaust
The Holocaust was the result of harsh anti-semitism in European countries led by Adolf Hitler. Anti-semitism also caused the Zionist movement which was the movement of Jewish people back to Palestine. In this way the Holocaust and World War II actually caused the Jewish people to move back to the holy land. -
Six Day War
Six-Day War was between Israel and the neighboring states of Egypt, Jordan, and Syria, in which Israel captured large tracts of Arab territory. Ever since it had become a country in 1948, Israel’s Palestinian neighbors were hostile because Israel was located in the area that they had previously established as their homeland. Palestinian troops were seen attacking Israeli civilians as well as their farmland and then escaping back to their borders. -
Arab Oil Embargo
Arab oil producers cut off exports to the U.S. to protest American military support for Israel in its 1973 war with Egypt and Syria. The embargo made the U.S. feel heavily dependent on Middle Eastern oil, which in turn led the U.S. to focus on instability in that region, which has since included multiple wars and other U.S. military interventions. -
Yom Kippur War
Hoping to win back territory lost to Israel during the third Arab-Israeli war, Egyptian and Syrian forces launched an attack against Israel on Yom Kippur, the holiest day in the Jewish calendar. The war can be traced to three factors: the failure of all international initiatives for the resolution of the Arab-Israeli dispute; the emergence of an Arab coalition which was able and willing to do battle with Israel; and the steady flow of arms from the superpowers to their regional clients. -
Alaskan Pipeline
The Trans Alaska Pipeline System was built as a means of transporting crude oil from the oilfields at Prudhoe Bay on Alaska's North Slope to the U.S. The U.S. had to build this pipeline because the MIddle East refused to give oil to the U.S. because we helped Israel with its war against Israel and Syria. -
Jimmy Carter
Jimmy carter is said to not have the greatest precidentcy. The iran Hostage Crisis occurred during his term and he was unable to relase them, ronald reagon had to. The soviet invasion of afghnistan was also during his term. A highlight of his term involved the middle east. After yom kippur war he tried to make peace between israel and arab; carter invited leaders to camp david. He got israel to w/draw from sinai peninsula. U.S established monitoring posts to ensure neither side would attack. -
Camp David Accords
Agreements between Israel and Egypt led to a peace treaty, the first treaty between Israel and arabs. Brokered by U.S. Pres. Jimmy Carter between Israeli Prime Minister, Begin, and Egyptian Pres. Anwar el-Sādāt and officially titled the “Framework for Peace in the Middle East,” the agreements became known as the Camp David Accords because the negotiations took place at the U.S. presidential retreat at Camp David. Israel had to withdraw from Sinai, u.s made monitoring posts so none attacked. -
Iran hostage Crisis
The tension between Iran & U.S began over the oil in the middle east. U.S and britian had control over oil but the new prime minister wanted to nationalize oil. U.s and britian then tried to overrun him. An angry mob of islamic revolutionaries overran U.S embassy in Tehran and took over 60 american hostages. This was a dramatic way to declare a break with irans past and an end to american interference in it's affairs. The hostages were set free Jan. 21, 1981. -
Soviets Invade Afghanistan
The middle east was a major venue of U.S and soviet union competition; they each wanted to be the superpower. The soviets led Afgan forces vs. multi nation insurgent groups called Mujahideen( preshawar seven- backed by U.Sin money and weapons; tehran eight- shia group recieved support from islamic repulbic of iran.) This war caused millions of Afgahns to flee and go to Pakistan and Iran.War was started by the instability of the afgahn regime & fear of anti-comm. govt. emerging which borderd USSR -
Ronald Reagon
Ronal Reagan was the 40th president of the U.S. By ordering Naval escorts in the Persian Gulf, he maintained the free flow of oil during the Iran-Iraq War. The Reagan years saw a restoration of prosperity, and the goal of peace through strength seemed to be within grasp. -
George H.W. Bush Becomes President
One of the Bush administration's original goals in the Middle East was establishing formal peace talks among the Israelis, the Palestinians and their Arab neighbors. The timing was arguably even better after the Gulf War, given soaring U.S. prestige, the absence of a rival superpower, improved ties with many of the Arab states, and the weakening of the Palestine Liberation Organization after its decision to side with Iraq. It was a moment of unique American leverage. -
Desert Storm
Operation Desert Storm was a war waged by coalition forces from 34 nations led by the United States against Iraq in response to Iraq's invasion and annexation of Kuwait. Of course, Desert Storm did lead to some important developments in the Middle East. Iraqi power disappeared almost overnight. -
Bill Clinton Becomes President
Clinton's predecessor, President George H. W. Bush, drove invading Iraqi troops out of Kuwait during the First Gulf War. Under President Clinton, the U.S. became the main enforcer for United Nations directives against Iraq, including economic sanctions, military no-fly zones, and weapons inspection teams. -
World Trade Center
In retaliation against United States' support of Israel and intervention in the Middle East, two men parked a yellow Ryder truck in a public parking garage beneath the World Trade Center and detonated a half-ton bomb. The blast did not topple the towers, as the driver of that truck, Ramzi Yousef, had hoped. But smoke choked the buildings and knocked out its power. Six people died and more than a thousand others were injured. It was the first ever terrorist attack on American soil. -
Centrazbat
Military exercise including Turkey, US and Russia. The purpose was to strenghten the ties with the central asian states for military purposes. NATO helped create and fund Centrazbat so when NATO stopped funding the program it ceased to exist. However, the countries involved continued peacekeeping forces also known aas CSTO. -
Embassy Bombing in Tanzania
Powerful terrorist car bombs exploded just minutes apart outside U.S. embassies in Kenya and Tanzania killing at least 81 people -- including eight Americans -- and injuring more than 1,600. This connects to the Middle East becasue after this event we grew more terrified of terrorism in the MIddle East, we took extra precautions monitoring Osama Bin Laden. -
Embassy bombing in Kenya
A mass killing planned by Al Qaeda where a truck bomb bombed the US Embassies and killed hundreds. Osama Bin Laden led Al Qaeda and this put him in the Top Ten Most Wanted with the FBI. This was the first time Al Qaeda was brought to America's attention as a large threat. Bin laden is apart of the extremist group, meaning he is a terrorist on anyone who does not have musim beliefs. Caused tension between america and middle east muslims. -
U.S.S. Cole
The U.S.S. Cole was attacked by a small boat laden with explosives during a brief refueling stop in the harbor of Aden, Yemen. The suicide terrorist attack killed 17 members of the ships crew, wounded 39 others, and seriously damaged the ship. Evidence developed to date suggests that it may have been carried out by Islamic militants from the MIddle East with possible connections to the terrorist network led by Usama bin Ladin. -
George W. Bush
George W. Bush was president during important events in US history. He was president when the World Trade Center was bombed for the second time and destoyed. He had to make decisons as to how to deal with the new issues of terrorism and how to solve issues with the Middle East over all. -
World Trade Center 2001
The attack on the world trade center was a series of airline hijackings and suicide attacks committed by 19 militants asociated with the islamic extremist group Al- Qaedas against targets in U.S. The extreme group is a division of Jihad meaning war against anyone who does not have muslim beliefs.Attackers were from Saudi Arabia and many other Arab nations. acttacked for America's support of Israel, its involvement in the Persian Gulf War, and its continued military presence in the Middle East. -
Iraq 2001-Present
The conventional wisdom now is that the war in Iraq is also an unmitigated disaster. But if the troubles in Iraq are addressed in a resolute, rather than a defeatist, manner, today's conventional wisdom can be proved wrong as well. A stabilized, less repressive Iraq, with its different ethnic and religious communities accepting one another in some devolved framework, can be a liberating influence in the Middle East.
