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Seeds of the Conflict During WWI
During this time Britain encourages the Arab Hashemite tribe to rebel against the Ottoman Empire, which sided with Germany during WWI. Since they did this the British officers peddled support for and Independent Arab State in the region, though the promise is vague and its boundaries are disputed. After this the Arab revolt beings in 1916. The balfour declaration spurs Jewish immigration and lays the basic foundation for the eventual establishment of " Israel. -
British Mandate
the league of Nations grants Britain and France administrative control over much of the former Ottoman empire until local populations are deemed ready to be ruled by their own people. This was a secret pact between London and Paris eying their spheres of influence in the post war middle east. This also became a problem because the arrival of French and British forces basically undermined the Faisal-Weizmann agreement which was an early effort to forge peace between Arab and Jewish people. -
Arab Revolt
Since the Jewish immigration continues, there is continuing violence between Jews and Arabs Living in the British Mandate. From this the Haganah comes about which is a Jewish militia to protect Jewish Communities. Also a few years later there was another Arab Revolt in which militants attacked Jewish and British installations. This was in protests of the Jews is immigration. -
HItler and the Nuremberg Race Laws
The election of Adolf Hitler in 1933 was the start of a shadow being cast over the middle east. After this happens he immediately creates the first concentration camp, and then in 1935 "propagates the Nuremberg Race Laws, codifying Nazi ideology toward Jews and other undesirables". When this happened many of the Jews in Germany and Austria fled to Palestine. -
"Peel Commission"
This was an effort to explore the causes of the Arab-Jewish violence and to recommend a long-term solution to it. It basically proposes the resettling of Arabs and Jews. -
World War II and the Holocaust
Germany systematically kills 6 million Jews living in Europe. Because of this terrible act many survivors of the laughter seek to immigrate to Palestine, although there was a policy put into place to limit the influx of immigrants of Jewish refugees. This influx of Jews takes the number from 175,000 to 600,000. -
Partition and War
By this time the British have made plans to leave and the mandate is engulfed by civil conflict. Each side accuses the other of atrocities; massacres of Arabs in the village of Deir Yassin, and of Jews in a Hadassah medical convoy.The fledgling United Nations passes Resolution 181 calling for separate Jewish and Arab states in Palestine. In return the Arabs did not like this because it gives more land to the Jewish people. -
Un resolution 194
Because of the Arab-Israeli fighting, Resolution 194 was passed by the UN in which it says that Refugees wishing to return to their homes and live at peace with their neighbors should be permitted to do so at the earliest practicable date , and those who don't want to will be compensated some how. -
Israel's Law of Return
Israel's Knesset passes the Law of Return, granting Jews and their families the right to settle in Israel as automatic citizens. "The law marks the realization of the Zionist vision of a national home for the Jewish diaspora in the Holy Land. In the three years before the law's passage, 500,000 Jews had arrived in Israel; another 500,000 arrive in the following decade. Many are effectively refugees from Arab countries, where they faced hostility and persecution." -
Founding of the PLO
The Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) is founded by members of the Arab League as the sole representative for the Palestinian people. The PLO, which is heavily under Egypt's influence, vows to use "material, military and spiritual forces" to resist Zionism and form a Palestinian state. The PLO's first chairman is Ahmad Shukeiri, a former Saudi ambassador to the United Nations with Palestinian ancestry. -
Arab-Israeli War
Erroneous Soviet reports of an Israeli troop buildup along Syria's border prompt Egypt's Gamal Abdel Nasser to expel UN peacekeepers, send troops into the Sinai Peninsula, and blockade Israel's sole Red Sea port. Israel responds with a preemptive strike on Egyptian air forces. Jordan and Syria attack from the east but Israeli forces resist, seizing the Golan Heights from Syria and the West Bank and East Jerusalem from Jordan. -
"Three Nos"
There was a conference in which eight Arab heads of state attended. While at the conference they reached a consensus that guides their nations policies toward Israel for the next six years. On this day the Arab league approves the "Khartoum Resolution, which is most famous for the "three nos".
1.No peace with Israel
2. No recognition of Israel
3. No negotiations with Israel -
Arab-Israeli War
During the month of Ramadan, Egypt and Syria mount a surprise attack in the Sinai and the Golan Heights on the Jewish holy day of Yom Kippur. The war brings the United States and Soviet Union perilously close to open confrontation, and spurs the Arab-dominated OPEC oil cartel to embargo shipments to Western nations that support Israel. -
Lebanon Invasion
"Responding to raids on northern Israel by the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO), Israel invades Lebanon, occupying land south of the Litani River as a "security buffer" in which local Lebanese forces cooperate with Israel to resist Palestinian control. With the United States lobbying for UN action, the Security Council responds, passing Resolution 425, which calls for Israel's withdrawal, and Resolution 426, which mandates the creation of a peacekeeping force." -
Camp David Accords
Egypt's Anwar sadat made a surprise visit to Israel in 1977 and up until that point it was the fist by any Arab leader. He met with Israeli Prime Minster Menachem met at Camp david for 12 days in meeting they produced a framework for Peace in the middle east. this set the stage for Egypt-Israel peace treaty the following year. they tried to use that as framework for Israel and other Neighbors but it didn't work. From this Egypt was suspended from Arab league and Shunned from other Arab states. -
Founding of Hamas
Palestinian spiritual leader and activist Sheikh Ahmed Yassin founds Hamas, a violent offshoot of Egypt's Muslim Brotherhood seeking "to raise the banner of Allah over every inch of Palestine." Published in August 1988, the Hamas covenant calls on Muslims to liberate the territory through violent jihad. The group's emphasis on religion stands in stark contrast to other prominent Palestinian groups. -
Persian Gulf War
Iraq's 1990 invasion of Kuwait sparks the first Middle East crisis of the post-Cold War world. The United States leads a UN-sanctioned force, with troops from several Arab states, to eject Iraqi forces from Kuwait. Saudi Arabia, for the first time, sanctions the stationing of foreign forces on its territory. During the brief war, Iraq fires Scud missiles at Israeli population centers and at U.S. bases in Saudi Arabia. U.S. diplomatic pressure keeps Israel from retaliating. -
Camp David
In July, U.S. President Bill Clinton hosts two weeks of intense Israeli-Palestinian negotiations at Camp David. Israeli Prime Minister Ehud Barak offers substantial concessions, including withdrawal from more than 90 percent of the occupied territories, possible partition of Jerusalem's Old City, and a Palestinian state in the area of withdrawal. According to U.S. negotiators involved, Palestinian President Yasir Arafat turns down the deal. -
Death of Yasir Arafat
In response to the renewal of Hamas suicide attacks, Israel assassinates Sheikh Ahmed Yassin, the group's founder, in a March air strike. The move receives widespread international condemnation and precipitates calls for Israel to cease targeted killings. Suicide bombings, however, begin to decline as Israeli security measures take hold. -
Annapolis Conference
U.S. President George W. Bush hosts a conference aimed at restarting the peace process. Israeli and Palestinian officials are joined by members of the Quartet-the United States, Russia, the European Union, and the United Nations- and Saudi Arabia and Syria. The conference endorses a Joint Understanding between Israeli and Palestinian leaders to take part in ongoing negotiations with the goal of a peace agreement by the end of 2008.
