Middle Ages to Twentieth century

Neumes

400

neumes were the very first notes.

Middle Ages

Period: 400 to Jan 1, 1450

Léonin

Oct 10, 1150

was the first known composer of polyphonic organum

Pérotin

Oct 10, 1200

was a European composer
Pérotin composed organa, the earliest type of polyphonic music

Guillaume de Machaut

Oct 10, 1300

major works: motets, chansons and a polyphonic mass Messe de Notre Dame.
was a composer/poet.
he was admired as the greatest musician and poet of the time

Motet

Oct 10, 1350

a French Word.
composers based their own work on what had been handed down from the past.

Renaissance Period

Period: Jan 1, 1450 to Jan 1, 1600

a capella

Oct 10, 1450

voices without accompaniment

Josquin des Prez

Oct 10, 1450

Ave Maria
a motet to the Virgin Mary

Jacques Arcadelt

Oct 10, 1507

a northern composer, highly influenced in italian madrigal
moved from belgium to italy.

Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina

Oct 10, 1525

he was appointed to the Sistine Chapel Choir but wasn't allowed to serve there because he was a married man
his output of Masses exceeds that of any other composer

Council of Trent

Oct 10, 1545

the catholic church organized the longest committee meeting in history
demands for a capella singing with clearly declaimed text

Italian madrigal

Oct 10, 1550

madrigal originated in Italy as a form of aristocratic entertainment
the composers chief concern was to give pleasure to the performers
extended into Baroque era

English Madrigal

Oct 10, 1558

During the reign of Elizabeth I
the songs were translated to english

John Farmer

Oct 10, 1570

English Composer
was active in Dublin, Ireland
an organist.
Fair Phyllis

Baroque Era

Period: Jan 1, 1600 to Jan 1, 1750

Elizabeth 1

Mar 24, 1603

Elizabeth I dies

Antonio Vivaldi

Mar 4, 1678

Four Seasons
italian baroque composer
ordained in the church
wrote a lot of operas

George Frideric Handel

Feb 23, 1685

messiah
born in Germany
was a "diva"
mostly resided in London

Johann Sebastian Bach

Mar 31, 1685

Toccatta D Minor
one of the biggest musicians in musics history
an organist
wrote many organ pieces

Joseph Haydn

Sep 12, 1732

one of the most prolific composers
born in austrian village
by the time he reached his middle age his music brought him much fame

Messiah

Oct 10, 1742

Spring of 1742, Dublin expierenced the premiere of one of the biggest pieces in the world.
Composed by Handel.
the climax is the Hallelujuah chorus

Classical Period

Period: Dec 1, 1750 to Dec 1, 1825

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

Aug 12, 1756

was born in Salzburg Austria
son of Leopold Mozart
he was highspiritied
reached the peak of his career in the late 1780s

homorhythmic

Aug 12, 1760

textures we heard in earlier eras, in which all voices moved together

homophonic

Jan 10, 1763

a melody with accompanying harmony

Ludwig Van Beethoven

Oct 12, 1770

born in Bonn Germany
born into a troubled family
started losing his hearing in his late 20s
is the supreme architect in music
has nine symphonies

chamber music

Oct 12, 1780

ensemble music for two to about ten performers with one plater per part

Franz Schubert

Dec 12, 1797

born outside vienna
educted at the imperial chapel
did chamber music
wrote the song elfking

moonlight sonata

Dec 12, 1801

beethoven composed it in 1801
wasn't named til after his death

opera seria

Dec 12, 1804

serious opera

Robert Schumann

Dec 12, 1810

born in Germany
created many piano works

Frederic Francois Chopin

Dec 12, 1810

french and polish
he was a pianist
died from tuberculosis at 39
wrote romantic sonatas

Richard Wagner

Dec 12, 1813

born in germany
early opera was Rienzi
musical scores accumlated without hope of performance

Giuseppe Verdi

Dec 12, 1813

because of musical talent he had commisons to write operas
most of his family died
masterpieces came one after another

Romantic Period

Period: Jan 12, 1820 to Jan 12, 1900

Strophic form

Dec 12, 1820

in which the same melody is repeated with every stanza

Edvard Grieg

Dec 12, 1843

a talented musican
died suddenly in 1907
noteable for lyricism and nationalistiic

shape note

Dec 12, 1850

designed for easy reading

program music

Dec 12, 1855

instrumental music with a literary or pictorial association supplied by the composer

opera buffa

Dec 12, 1860

comic opera

bel canto

Dec 12, 1860

beautiful singing style

Claude Debussy

Dec 12, 1862

most important french composer of the 20th centurary
wrote clair de lune (my favorite)
had a new style of writing

Scott Joplin

Dec 12, 1868

scottwas born in texas
born to a musical family
given free piano lessons
wrote rag time

Bela Bartok

Dec 12, 1881

was hungarian
became a leading figure in his country's musical life
pianist
one of the greatest rhythmiic innovators

impressionist period

Period: Dec 12, 1890 to Dec 12, 1915

William Grant Still

Dec 12, 1895

african american composer
grew up in Arkansas
left college to work as a professional musican

Tin Pan Alley

Dec 12, 1900

sheet music buisness

Billie Holiday

Dec 12, 1915

Jazz Singer
known as lady day
tough life
she died young
overdosed
powerful voice

Leornard Bernstein

Dec 12, 1915

wrote west side story
supposedly gay
famous conductor

Bill Haley

Dec 12, 1925

he was an alocholic
died at 55
Bill Haley with Haleys Comets

Rock N Roll

Period: Dec 12, 1950 to Dec 12, 1980

the 60's

Dec 12, 1960

beach boys
beatles
rolling stones
Elvis Pressley

1970s

Dec 12, 1970

style of performance not style of music
the who
moody blues
woodstock

1980s

Dec 12, 1980

subgenres
glam rock
punk rock
disco = beegees
reggae
new wale
southern rock

Pope Gregory

Mar 2, 2022

He was pope from 590-604.
he made melodies now known as Gregorian chants https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ye-HAS7NUrE