middle ages in europe

justinian becomes eastern roman emporor

527

Justinian is best remembered for his Code of Civil Law, and expansion of imperial territory retaking Rome from the Ostrogoths

Henry I of England defeats his older brother Robert Curthose, duke of Normandy, at the Battle of Tinchebrai, and imprisons him in Devizes castle; Edgar Atheling and William Clito are also taken prisoner.

Sep 28, 1106

This victory made a later struggle between England and the rising Capetian power in France inevitable.

In the Battle of Hundsfeld, Boleslaus III Wrymouth defeats Emperor Henry V.

Aug 24, 1109

German expansion to the east is stopped

St. Norbert and 29 companions make their solemn vows marking the beginning of the Premonstratensian Order.

Dec 25, 1121

This order played a significant role in evangelizing the Slavs, the Wends, to the east of the Holy Roman Empire.

The Concordat of Worms was drawn up between Emperor Henry V and Pope Calixtus II.

Sep 23, 1122

This concordat ended the investiture struggle, but bitter rivalry between emperor and pope remained.

t the Battle of Legnano, the cavalry of Frederick Barbarossa is defeated by the infantry of the Lombard League.

Jul 29, 1126

This is the first major defeat of cavalry by infantry, signaling the new role of the bourgeosie.

Roger II is crowned King of Sicily, a royal title given him by the Antipope Anacletus II.

Sep 25, 1130

This coronation marks the beginning of the Kingdom of Sicily and its Mediterranean empire under the Norman kings, which was able to take on the Holy Roman Empire, the Papacy, and the Byzantine Empire.

The Second Lateran Council declared clerical marriages invalid, regulated clerical dress, and punished attacks on clerics by excommunication.

Apr 8, 1139

Enforces the major reforms that Gregory VII began to heavily campaign for several decades earlier.

Pope Lucius III issues the papal bull Ad Abolendam.

Nov 8, 1184

This bull set up the organization of the medieval inquisitions.

The future emperor Henry VI marries Constance of Sicily, heiress to the Sicilian throne.

Jan 27, 1186

This marriage shifts the focus of the Guelphs/Ghibelline struggle to Sicily and marks the ruin of the House of Hohenstaufen.

Richard I ascends the throne of England.

Jul 6, 1189

His heavy taxation to finance his European ventures created an antipathy of barons and people toward the crown, but his being absent enabled the English to advance in their political development.

The Magna Carta is sealed by John of England.

Jun 15, 1215

This marks one of the first times a medieval ruler is forced to accept limits on his power

The Ottoman Empire is founded by Osman I.

Jul 27, 1299

Becomes longest lasting Islamic Empire, lasting over 600 years into the 20th century.

The Knights Templar are rounded up and murdered by Philip the Fair of France, with the backing of the Pope.

Oct 13, 1307

Hastens the demise of the order within a decade.

Charlemagne is crowned Holy Roman Emperor.

Mar 2, 2022

With his crowning, Charlemagne's kingdom is officially recognized by the Papacy as the largest in Western Europe since the fall of the Roman Empire.