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New Constitution of Mexico
The 1917 Constitution of Mexico was drafted in Santiago de Querétaro, by a constitutional convention during the Mexican Revolution. It was approved by the Constitutional Congress on February 5, 1917.
Source: https://books.google.com/books?id=Z4-8Z0gqBkoC&pg=PA399&lpg=PA399&dq=the+world+from+1919+to+1939+ad&source=bl&ots=R5yov4d927&sig=WAgI1eSYrhO0jWDAAVgDWmC0ihQ&hl=en&sa=X&ei=Mjo9VcP0IsGmggTgtYSABQ&ved=0CDIQ6AEwAw#v=onepage&q&f=false -
The Northern Dynasty
After Carranza failed to move toward social reforms and was killed as he tried to flee from Mexico City, General Obregón enlisted two other powerful chiefs, Plutarco Elías Calles and Adolfo de la Huerta. They became known as the Northern Dynasty. Obregón took office as president Dec. 1, 1920.
Source: http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/379167/Mexico/27368/The-northern-dynasty-Obregon-and-Calles -
Plutarco Elías Calles Takes Up Office
After his term was over, Obregón passed the torch to Calles. Calles’s presidency followed the same lines as Obregón’s. Land distribution was improved, an irrigation program was created, and in 1928 Calles extended the presidential term from four to six years, and banned re-election.
Source: http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/379167/Mexico/27368/The-northern-dynasty-Obregon-and-Calles -
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Cristero War
The war began by the enforcement of the anti-religious articles of the Constitution of 1917 in order to eliminate the power of the Catholic Church and to suppress popular religious celebration in local communities. The massive uprising was supported by the hierarchy of the Catholic Church and was aided by urban Catholic support. The war ended in 1929 after the Church withdrew its support for the Cristero fighters after negotiations by Dwight E. Morrow came between the government and the Church. -
Álvaro Obregón Assassinated
After Calles had barred re-election of himself, Obregón won the 1928 Mexican presidential election, but months before assuming the presidency he was assassinated in La Bombilla Cafe, shortly after his return to Mexico City, by José de León Toral, a Roman Catholic who opposed to the government's policies on religious matters.
Source: http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/379167/Mexico/27368/The-northern-dynasty-Obregon-and-Calles -
The Institutional Revolutionary Party is Formed
After Calles banned Mexican presidents from re-election, a new political party was formed. It was originally called National Revolutionary Party, but was later changed to the Institutional Revolutionary Party. Formed under Calles’s inspiration, it was originally a combination of regional and local military bosses and labour and peasant leaders.
Source: http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/379167/Mexico/27368/The-northern-dynasty-Obregon-and-Calles -
The Great Depression Hits Mexico
The Great Depression brought Mexico a huge drop in national income and demand after 1929, challenging the country's ability to fulfill its promise to promote social equality.
Source: 'http://historyclassmexico.blogspot.com/' -
General Lázaro Cárdenas Elected President
With being elected to the six year presidency, Cárdenas was in frank opposition to Calles’s wishes/demands. When his power was tested, Cárdenas forced Calles into temporary exile, and renamed and reorganized the party.
Source: http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/379167/Mexico/27369/Resurgence-under-Cardenas -
Cárdenas Nationalizes the Oil Industry
After a labor dispute where unions demanded wage increases and participation in an specific role in management, the workers won the favor of the court. However, the workers' companies refused to follow the court's decisions. Cárdenas refuted this by ordering confiscation of their holdings, and thus nationalizing the oil industry. Petróleos Mexicanos was designated to look after the industry in Mexico. http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/379167/Mexico/27369/Resurgence-under-Cardenas -
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Failed Saturnino Cedillo Revolt
The revolt was started by Saturnino Cedillo (a revolutionary general) after relations between Cedillo and Cárdenas broke apart, particularly as Cárdenas’s new political system was consolidated and undermined the power of local caciques. The revolt did not last long at all, as the the federal government had military superiority and crushed the uprising. In 1939, Cedillo and his family and a number of supporters were killed
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