-
5500 BCE
Neolithic Cultures
Early Neolithic cultures (Hassuna, Samarra, and Halaf) in northern Mesopotamia. -
4000 BCE
Ubaid Period
Ubaid Period: Development of intensive agriculture and construction of irrigation canals. -
3500 BCE
Rise of Sumer
Emergence of the Sumerian civilization and the founding of the first cities like Uruk. -
3000 BCE
Invention of Writing
Appearance of cuneiform writing in Sumer. -
2350 BCE
Akkadian Empire
Sargon of Akkad establishes the first territorial empire in Mesopotamia, the Akkadian Empire. -
1750 BCE
Hammurabi’s Reign
Reign of Hammurabi in Babylon; creation of the Code of Hammurabi. -
1050 BCE
Middle Assyrian Period
Middle Assyrian Period: Assyria establishes an empire in Upper Mesopotamia. -
626 BCE
NeoBabylonian Empire
Nabopolassar founds the Neo-Babylonian Empire and defeats the Assyrians. -
539 BCE
Persian Conquest
Fall of the Neo-Babylonian Empire to the Persians led by Cyrus II. -
331 BCE
End of Achaemenid Empire
Alexander the Great defeats the Persian Empire, marking the end of the Achaemenid dynasty.