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May 29, 1453
Ottomans conquer Constantinople
The Ottoman Empire, an Islamic empire, conquered Constantinople and took over trade operations in the Middle East. This empire would spread throughout the Middle East and North Africa until 1919. -
Nov 17, 1558
Elizabeth l becomes Queen of England
Is considered one of England's greatest monarchs. She was one of the longest ruling at that time, her death was 1603. She defeated the Spanish. -
England defeats the Spanish America
Spain is no longer the most powerful country, it is now England. England is the most powerful country in the world for the next 300 years. -
Tokugawa Shogunate
Tokugawa clan takes over imperial Japan and establishes itself as the Shogun. They establish the capital at Kyoto and rule until 1857. -
The Thirty Years War
Last religious war in European history between Protestants and Catholics. Ended 1648. -
The English Civil War
Between people who want Parliament and people who want a king, ended 1651. -
Manchus found the Qing Dynasty in China
Last imperial dynasty in Chinese, was established by someone who was not Chinese. Ended in 1912, last dynasty. -
Peter the Great becomes the Czar of Russia
A Romanov, only family to only rule Russia. He changed Russia by westernizing them, making them less barbaric, he did not have a beard. -
The Industrial Revolution
Moving from human labor to simple machines. -
Catherine the Great becomes Czarina of Russia
She was longest reign of any female Russian leader, she greatly expanded Russia's empire. She imported many great works of literature, art, and print. Education and law codes greatly developed under her reign, she was no longer a leader in 1796. -
The British colonies of North America declare their independence
Great Britain loses their number one colony. -
The French Revolution
Builds people up and take ideas to get independence of the king, end up killing their king. Ended in 1799. -
The Napoleonic Age
Almost took over all of Europe, did not take over Russia and Great Britain. Fourth and final stage of the French Revolution, ended in 1815. -
Mexico declares its independence of Spain
The 10 year fight for independence was called the "Grito de Dolores". It ended more than 300 years of colonial rule. -
The Unification of Italy
Began with the Congress of Vienna and was finished in 1871 when Rome became the capital of the Kingdom of Italy. The movement to unite Italy into one political and cultural place. -
The Great Reform Bill of 1832
Parliament passes a law changing the British electoral system. This happened in response to many years of people complaining about how the electoral system was unfair. -
The Opium Wars
Involved Anglo-Chinese disputes over British trade in China. These conflicts eventually helped weaken and get rid of the Qing dynasty in favor of China.1860 -
The Great Potato Famine
Was a time of mass disease, emigration, and starvation in Ireland. During this time about 1 million people died and another million emigrated from Ireland. Ended in 1852. -
Karl Marx and Fredric Engels publish The Communist Manifesto
Where people should go back to where everyone has a place in a society. Argues that class struggle are the motivating force behind all historical developments. -
The Unification of Germany
Brought an end to the Austrian dominance of the German Confederation. 1871 -
The Taiping Rebellion
Massive rebellion in China. Fought between the Qing dynasty and the Heavenly Kingdom of Peace. -
The British Colonization of India
Becomes the most important colony in the British Empire. 1918 -
The Suez Canal
Considered to be one of the shortest links between the east and the west due to its geographical location. Important international navigation canal linking between the Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea. Was completed in 1869. -
Charles Darwin publishes The Origin of Species
This work of literature is considered to be the foundation of evolutionary biology. -
The Civil War begins in the United States
Began when the Confederate open fire on Union held Fort Sumter in South Carolina's Charleston Bay. This war was considered the 4 bloodiest years in American histor. -
The Emancipation Proclamation
Proclamation that declared slaves should be freed. Although it did not free any slaves it was a big turning point in the Civil War. Made the war about people being able to have freedom. -
The Meiji Restoration
A change of events that restored imperial rule to Japan under emperor Meiji. The emperor moved from Kyoto to Tokyo which then became the new capital. -
The Berlin Conference
The conference that sets the stage to divide up Africa. The countries Ethiopia and Liberia are not colonized. -
The Russo-Japanese War
Japan defeats Russia and it changes the world's view on Russia and their power and shows Japan's power. Russia declines after this war. -
The Mexican Revolution
This ended dictatorship and established a constitutional republic -
The Chinese Revolution
Overthrew the Qing dynasty, which was the last imperial dynasty. Then established the Republic of China, this was led by Mao Zedong. -
World War I begins
The four main causes of the war were militarism, aliiamce system, imperialism, and nationalism. Started when archduke Franz Ferdinand was assassinated by Gavrilo Princip. Austria Hungary technically started the war. -
The Russian Revolution
Overthrew the imperial government. Eventually led to the rise of the Soviet Union.
