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476
Fall of the Western Roman Empire
The deposition of the last Roman emperor, Romulus Augustulus, marked the end of Roman rule in the West and the transition to the Middle Ages. -
793
Viking raids begin
The raid on Lindisfarne marked the start of the Viking Age, characterized by Norse explorations and invasions across Europe. -
Dec 25, 800
Charlemagne crowned Emperor
Pope Leo III crowned Charlemagne, king of the Franks, as the Emperor of the Romans, reviving the title in Western Europe and unifying much of the continent. -
Jul 16, 1054
The Great Schism
The formal split between the Roman Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Church, primarily over issues of papal authority and theological differences. -
1096
First Crusade
Initiated by Pope Urban II, this military expedition aimed to reclaim Jerusalem from Muslim control, resulting in the capture of the city in 1099. -
Jun 15, 1215
Signing of the Magna Carta
King John of England signed this charter, limiting the powers of the monarchy and establishing certain legal rights, often viewed as a precursor to modern democracy. -
May 24, 1337
Hundred Year War
A series of conflicts between England and France over territorial claims and the French throne, lasting until 1453. -
1347
The Black Death
This devastating pandemic killed an estimated one-third of Europe's population, significantly impacting society, economy, and culture. -
May 29, 1453
Fall of Constantinople
The Ottoman Empire captured the capital of the Byzantine Empire, marking the end of Byzantine rule and a significant expansion of Ottoman power. -
Oct 12, 1492
Columbus discovers America
Christopher Columbus reached the Bahamas, opening the Americas to European exploration and eventual colonization.