Medieval Europe: 11th to 15th century

CROWN OF ARAGÓN

9

In the Crown of Aragón maritime trade was encouraged
Peninsula and import others from the East, such as spices and silk, which were then resold within the rest of Europe.

THE IBERIAN PENINSULA (11th to 13th CENTURY).

1031

-Of expansion that lasted until the 13th century.
The political situation from 1031 to 1085.
Al-Andalus: The most important taifas in 1031 of Sevilla, Toledo, Badajoz and Zaragoza.
The Christians took advantage of the differents between the Muslims to conquer territory and collect taxes paid in gold coins, known as parias.
- Hispanic Christian Kingdoms.
division of the lands of Sancho III el Mayor after his death in 1035.

Hispanic Christian Kingdoms.

1035

Division of the lands of Sancho III el Mayor after his death in 1035. Aragón
This monarch added the counties of Sobrarbe and Ribagorza to the Kingdom of Aragón. Navarra
It was ruled by the kings of Aragón between 1076 and 1134. Castilla
The Kingdom of Castilla was formed when Sancho III bequeathed this county to one of his sons, Fernando I

The political situation from 1031 to 1085

1085

AL-ANDALUS After the Christian conquest of the Kingdom of Toledo (1085), the taifa kings were forced to seek help from the Almoravids, Muslims that had established an empire in North Africa. Their arrival stopped the Christian advance and achieved the reunification of the Andalusian territory until the early 12th century.

Aragon

1118

In 1118, Alfonso I of Aragón and Navarra conquered Zaragoza, In 1137, the marriage of Ramón Berenguer IV, Count of Barcelona, and Petronila, the young Queen of Aragón, led to the union between the Catalan counties and Aragón

ECONOMY

1200

In the 13th century, the economy of the Christian kingdoms developed significantly.

CASTILLA AND LEÓN

1200

In Castilla and León, large migrating flocks of Merino sheep were at the centre of intense economic activity. They gave a very high quality wool.
Wool from these sheep was traded at fairs, such as those of Medina del Campo Cantabrian and Basque sailors then exported this wool from Castilla to Flanders, where a flourishing textile industry had developed.

LEÓN AND CASTILLA

1212

During the second half of the 12th century, the Christian kingdoms faced the Almohad invasion. The Almohads This empire hindered the expansion of the Christian kingdoms, mainly in the areas between the Tajo and the Sierra Morena, until the Christians’ victory in the Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa (1212).

The political situation from 1212 to 1250

1212

The Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa (1212) was a major victory for the Christian kingdoms and made the occupation of the Guadalaquivir valley possible. In this battle, the kings of Castilla (Alfonso VIII), Navarra (Sancho el Fuerte) and Aragón (Pedro II) fought together.

The Iberian Peninsula (14th and 15th century)

1300

The 14th and 15th centuries were marked by conflicts between Christian kingdoms and civil wars caused by rivalry between the nobility and the monarchy.
On one hand, nobles sought to protect and increase their privileges. On the other hand, kings, wanted to restrict the power of the nobility.

CASTILLA

1300

One of the bloodiest civil wars was that between king Pedro I of Castilla and his step-brother Enrique of Trastámara, who aspired to the throne. One of the bloodiest civil wars was that between king Pedro I of Castilla and his step-brother Enrique of Trastámara, who aspired to the throne.

ARAGÓN

1410

In the Crown of Aragón, King Martín I died without an heir in 1410. Therefore, in 1412, representatives of institutions from every state in the Crown were convened to choose a new king. The resolution reached at this meeting, the Compromise of Caspe, meant that the House of Trastámara was put in place to rule Aragón.