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Period: 200 to
History of medicine
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Period: 200 to
The Barber-Surgeon pole
The striped pole we see in front of a barbershop is a symbol left over from time when barbers were also surgeons. After an operation the bandages would be hinf on a staff or pole and sometimes placed outside the barber's shop as an advertisment. Twirled by the wind they would form a red and white spiral pattern that was later used on painted poles. -
Period: 200 to
Barber-surgeons cut hair, perform surgery; barber pole symbol popularized
Even with the slow evoultion of medicine into a science, there were practices that would suprise people today. For example, in the MIddle Ages barbers cut more than hair. Barber-surgeons performed surgery to treat cataracts and practiced phlebotomy (bloodletting). They also served with the military and treated injuries sustained in battle. They amputated limbs and burned the stumps to seal the blood vessels. -
Period: 500 to Sep 9, 1500
The Middle Ages
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Sep 9, 1300
Islmaic hotspitals; health care for the sick
Relifion continues to play a significant role in healthcare. Both Christioan and Muslim teachings encourage the care of those in nedd. By the thirteenth century there were scores of hospitals in the Muslim world. Religious instruction based on the Qur'an (Koran) taught followers social responsibilities, such as the rich providing for the poor and the healthy caring for the sick. These principles led to the founding of many Islamic hospitals. -
Sep 9, 1300
Religion and Medicine
The teachings of the Christian church also encouraged folowers to help the sick and needy. Many monasteries were founded specifically to treat the sick. Local healers, who were often women, served at the monsteries. Otherwise , the treatment consisted of prayer and rest. -
Sep 9, 1400
Frenchwoman tried to practice medicine but is denied
In the fourteenth century, a Frenchwoman named Jacona Felicie was tried for practicing medicine withour a liscense. She defemded herself ny explaining that women were sometimes embarassed to go to a male physician for treatment. The judge did not find her favor, and she was forbidden to practice medicine -
Period: Sep 9, 1400 to
The Renaissance
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Sep 9, 1500
Printing Press
The invenion of the printing press made it possible to publish books faster. Information about new discoveries could be spread quickly -
The Scientific Method
During the sixteenth century, the scientific method came into use in Europe. This was a major change in the way people thought about medicine and research. The scientific method is a process used to acquire new knowledge. Instead of using guesswork or the supernatural to explain events and diseases, people began to look for the real causes of what they saw around them. The scientific method was based on observation and taking careful notes. This method was not common practice -
The Microscope
The developments that took place during this time were made possible by inventions such as the microscope, which allowed much more accurate observation of patients and symptoms. -
Robert Hooke
Robert Hooke (1635-1703) built one of the first reflecting microscopes. Doctors could proopose an explanation of disease and test it by expirementation and observation -
Human Anatomy
During the Age of Enlightenment, a philosophical movement of the 1700s, studies of the human anatomy took place. These investigations, which had been forbidden by the church in the past, helped correct many beliefs. -
Introduction of Machines
Along with important economic changes, progress was also made in medicine. New diagnostic tools such as the stethoscope were invented. Blood cells, bacteria, and protozoa could now be seen with a microscope. Doctors knew that blood was carried through the body by large vessels, but they did not know how blood circulated throughout the body. This was explained by the discovery of capillaries. -
Period: to
Industrial revolution
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Edward Jenner first vacination
Edward Jenner an English doctor, discovered that milkmaids exposed to cowpox did not get smallpox. Around 1796 he began inoculating people with the fluid from cowpox blisters, thus beginning the practice of vaccination. -
Period: to
Robert Koch discovered pathogens
Robert Koch discovered that pathogens, or disease-producing microorganisms, are the source of some diseases and proved that Lister was correct. This was the beginning of modern bacteriology. -
Importance of hand washing
Joseph Lister (1827–1912) was ridiculed for insisting on the use of carbolic soap to disinfect instruments and clean hands before doctors moved to another patient. Today we call his practice-the practice of disinfecting surgical equipment and hand washing as a way to prevent the spread of infection medical asepsis. -
John snow stops outbreak of cholera
John Snow (15 March 1813 – 16 June 1858) was an English physician and a leader in the adoption of anaesthesia and medical hygiene. He is considered one of the fathers of modern epidemiology, in part because of his work in tracing the source of a cholera outbreak in Soho, London, in 1854. His findings inspired fundamental changes in the water and waste systems of London, which led to similar changes in other cities, and a significant improvement in general public health around the world. -
New Technology
The twentieth century saw rapid growth in healthcare. Discoveries in electronics and computer science changed clinical medicine dramatically. Advances in engineering, chemistry, and physics have contributed to current medical practice. Antibiotics were invented. Radium, used for cancer treatment, was discovered. The use of X-rays gained importance in noninvasive diagnoses. The development of computed axial tomography, magnetic resonance imagine ,and ultrasound or sonographic image -
Artificial Organs
Organ transplants are now common, and are safer and more succcessful than ever before. The development of artificial organs is progressing. In vitro fertilization allows many infertile couples to have children. Research, technology, and improved care techniques are extending the horizon for healthcare. -
Compueterized Equipment
communication provide instant transmission of information. Physicians and patients need not be in the same room or even the same country to give and receive advice and treatment. Surgeries are performed with intricate computerized equipment. People in many areas of the world are living longer and healthier lives because of vaccines, clean water, and better nutrition. -
Human Genome Project
The completion of the Human Genome Project (HGP) and the use of stem cells has opened doors to new types of individualized drugs and treatments. Diagnostic screening and preventive care are improving wellness and increasing life expectancy. -
Modern Times
Today's healthcare professional needs to be able to think critically and use flexible approaches to problem solving. Learning and adapting to change are necessary to maintain competency in the high-tech environment of modern healthcare. The only certainty in healthcare is change. -
Period: to
Modern Times
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Rhazes dicovered difference between smallpox and measels
A Persian doctor named Rhazes discovered the differemce between smallpox and measels. His works were used until the 1800s. Like Galen, rhazes played a role in the development of medicine as a science by building on the ideas of Hippocrates
