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Period: 500 to Dec 31, 1300
Middle Ages
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659
Dental Amalgams
A text from the year 659 details the first use of a substance for tooth fillings made up of silver and tin. -
754
Pharmacies
First Pharmacy established in 754. First use was for "the art of knowing the materia medica simples in their various species, types and shapes". More and more opened up around the Arabic world. -
910
Identification of Smallpox
Persian physician, Rhazes, identifies smallpox and suggested blood as the cause of infectious disease. -
1249
Spectacles
English Friar Roger Bacon invented spectacles and the uses of corrective lenses. -
1300
Anatomy and Dissection
In the year 1315, the Italian physician Mondino de Luzzi even conducted a public dissection for his students and spectators. -
Period: Jan 1, 1301 to
Renaissance
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1377
Quarantine
In the year 1377, the city of Ragusa issued orders to compat the black death that included making arriving ships wait 30 days in the harbour before docking, so that authorities could be sure no one was infected. -
1493
Paracelsus, The Maverick Physician
He was a prime mover in the shift away from superstition and dogma in medicine. He pioneered the use of minerals and chemicals in the body. -
1552
Home Remedies
Girls learned how to mix up remedies, using ingredients such as honey, which kills bacteria. -
Microscope
Dutch lens grinder, Zacharius Jannssen invented the microscope to first use for medical purposes. -
Research On Blood Vessles
William Harvey publishes An Anatomical Study of the Motion of the Heart and of the Blood in Animals which forms the basis for future research on blood vessels, arteries and the heart. -
Period: to
Industrial Revolution
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Hospitals
They were emerging during the Roman Empires. Origins began in Christian religious establishments that were meant to provide lodgings and care for poor and travelers. -
Smallpox Vaccine
Edward Anthony Jenner was known as the pioneer of vaccinations and created the smallpox vaccine after exposing them to the cowpox virus. -
Anesthesia
Sir Humphrey Davy announces anesthetic properties of nitrous oxide, although they did not use the gas for another 45 years. -
Elizabeth Blackwell
First women to receive a medical degree from Geneva Medical College in New York. -
Aspirin
Felix Hoffman synthesized salicylic acid, developing what is now the most widely used medicine in the world. -
Period: to
Modern World
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Blood Compatibility and Rejection
Developed the ABO system of blood typing, which classified human blood as either A, B, AB, or O groups. -
Yellow Fever Vaccine
Percy Lavon Julian synthesized the medicines physostigmine for glaucoma and cortison for arthritis. -
Pacemaker
Paul Zoll developed the first cardiac pacemaker to control irregular heartbeats. -
DNA
James Watson and Francis Crick at Cambridge University describe the structure of the DNA molecule. -
Jonas Salk
First man to discover the polio vaccine, which was approved in 1955. -
Period: to
21st Century
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Mini Liver
A mini liver, the size of a small coin, is generated from human cord blood stem cells by doctors at Newcastle University. -
Laurent Lantieri
Performed the first full face transplant. -
3D Printed Body Parts
In 2013, researchers from Cornell University printed an outer ear that worked like and resembled the real thing. -
Clinical Trials
FDA approves first US clinical trials for a wearable artificial kidney. -
Revived DNA
DNA from an extinct woolly mammoth is spliced into that of an elephant. Scientists then successfully use the "revived" DNA to sequence the mammoth's complete genome.
