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Independence day
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Developed a vaccine for smallpox
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Period: to
Civil War
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Discovered X-rays
X-rays were discovered in 1895 -
Alzheimer's disease
Alois Alzheimer identifies the first case of what becomes known as Alzheimer's disease. -
Different blood types
Karl Landsteiner discovers the existence of different human blood types. -
Electrocardiography
Willem Einthoven discovers electrocardiography. -
Inherited genes
Archibald Garrod discovers that some diseases are caused by genes and therefore inherited. -
Isolated radium in 1910
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Gene to a chromosome
William Bateson and Reginald Punnet first map a gene to a chromosome. -
first successful vaccine for diphtheria
First successful vaccine for diphtheria discovered -
Period: to
World War l
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Insulin
Frederick Banting and Charles Best discover insulin. -
tetanus toxoid vaccine
P. Descombey develops a tetanus toxoid vaccine, which is widely used in World War II to prevent tetanus caused by battle wounds. -
Discovered penicillin in 1928
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Human electroencephalography
Hans Berger discovers human electroencephalography -
Yellow fever vaccine
The first vaccine for yellow fever is developed. -
Period: to
World War ll
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Developed the polio vaccine
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Heart-lung machine
American physician John Heysham Gibbon builds the first heart-lung machine -
Heart disease diagnostic using ultrasound
Swedish cardiologist Inge Edler is the first to use ultrasound to diagnose heart disease, beginning the era of clinical echocardiography. -
Synthetic blood
Canadian physician Thomas Chang invents synthetic blood. -
Cardiac pacemaker
Swedish scientist Rune Elmqvist invents the implantable cardiac pacemaker. -
Vitro fertilization
Chinese scientist Min Chueh Chang performs the first in vitro fertilization. (Test tube baby) -
Hip replacement
The first successful total hip replacement is performed by British surgeon John Charnley. -
Artificial Heart
Paul Winchell is the first to invent and patent a mechanical artificial heart. -
Liver transplant
American physician and researcher Thomas Starzl performs the first human liver transplant. -
First successful heart-lung transplant
Surgeon Bruce Reitz performs the first successful heart-lung transplant; it also is the first time a lung is transplanted. -
Brain surgery; computerized arm
The first brain surgery is performed using a computerized robotic arm, invented by medical researcher Yik San Kwoh. -
Laser cataract surgery
Ophthalmologist Patricia Bath invents laser cataract surgery. -
Face Transplant
French surgeon Jean-Michel Dubernard performs the first partial face transplant.
