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Arrival of Enslaved Africans to US colonies
First arrival of enslaved Africans to shores of US colonies https://www.americanheritage.com/1619-year-shaped-america -
Black Colonial Census
By 1700 20,000 Black people lived in the colonies -
US ends participation in Transatlantic Slave Trade
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Systema Naturae published
Swedish botanist, Carolus Linneaus publishes, Systema Naturae, which established taxonomies of the natural world, including human racial classifications. -
Declaration of Independence
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Black Census
By 1776 Blacks constituted 20% of the US population at 550,000. -
Jefferson publishes Notes on the State of Virginia
Includes his reflections on slavery and his support of repatriation of Blacks back to Africa as a means of emancipation. https://pages.uoregon.edu/mjdennis/courses/wk7_notes.html -
Crania Americana published
Samuel Morton publishes Crania Americana, in which Morton attributes cranial size to racial intelligence. https://www.zmescience.com/other/crania-americana-influential-book-scientific-racism/ -
J. Marion Sims begins conducting experiments on enslaved women
Known as the "father of gynecology" Sims refined his life saving techniques that would earn him notable fame throughout the world, by experimenting on enslaved women provided by their owners. Sims conducted his excruciating experiments without providing the women anesthesia.
https://www.npr.org/transcripts/466942135 -
Emancipation Proclamation
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WEB DuBois publishes The Philadelphia Negro
Harvard trained sociologist and activist, DuBois argued that the differences in health outcomes for blacks and whites had more do with living conditions, than genetics. -
Rise of scholarship promoting polygenism
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Verner "gifts" Ota Benga to Bronx Zoo
Samual Phillips Verner "gifts" Ota Benga, an Mbutu widower whom Verner kidnapped from what is now known as the Republic of Congo, and displayed in his World Fair exhibit, to the Bronx Zoological Garden.
