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Xinhai Revolution-
Revolutionary uprising started in central China. This movement brought together students, peasants, and people of all kinds. The same movement shook up the entire country, opening the doors for change and for new leadership, as the doors started to close on the final imperial dynasty. -
End of the Qing Dynasty
Sun Yat Sen was declared president of national assembly. Following the beginning of his presidency he helped to form the Republic of China on January 1st 1912. After starting the Republic he passed the control on to Yuan Shikai, a chinese leader who started civil conflict over his betrayal of the ideas of the democratic revolution. -
Yuan Shikai passed away
leaving behind him a hectic China. All those involved with assisting Shikai during his reign became warlords. At this time, China was plummeted into a period of warlordism that would later bring the arrival of the Communist PArty in China. -
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This was known as the period of warlordism
During this time, the subordinates of Yuan Shikai refused to acknowledge the authority of the Chinese republic. They behaved as independent warlords. -
Treaty of Versailles gives former chinese territories to Japan
chinese embarrassed. This was known as the Shandong Problem and was a dispute over article 156 of the Treaty of Versailles which gave the Shandong Peninsula to Japan. The reason this area was of such importance to Japan was that the Shandong Peninsula was the birthplace of Confucius. This event led to the May Fourth Movement- a cultural movement against the signing of the treaty. -
May Fourth Movement
This inofficial revolution showed the Chinese people's commitment to modernism. 3,000 outraged, Chinese workers, shopkeepers, and professionals gathered around the center of Beijing. According to the Treaty of Versailles, allied leaders gave Japan territories that had previously belonged to China. Mao became very involved in this movement. -
Russia supports communism
Zedong one of 12 delegates of Chinese communist party (CCP) Mao was one of the twelve delegates that attended the first National Congress of the party. He at the time was not the sole leader of the CCP, but he did have an influence. However, Lenin and Mao were different because while Lenin took advantage of and believed in the working class, Mao believed that the peasants were the base of the country. This is another example of one of the points in Eco’s Ur fascism. Mao tries to appeal. -
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Jiang Jieshi campaign against warlords
Jiang Jeshi takes over GMD and in 1926 launched campaign against warlords. Jiang wanted to defeat the warlords using his military. He attempted to unify China under his power. -
With help from western forces trying to keep communism out
Jiang overcomes warlords and sets up central government. Jiang hated the Japanese with a passion, but he hated the Chinese communists even more, and that is a huge amount of hatred. This fierce racism against one race is also a point made by Eco in his 14 points of UR- Fascism. So Jiang took over the GMD, and funded his efforts against the communists using the business class of his followers. The western powers also helped fund him to stop the communist movement, -
The Red Army
Mao starts building army, by 1928 has 12,000 men in his red army, however it was poorly equipped and didn't use guns much. Relied on Guerrilla warfare. Mao used the peasants and working class to create his untrained Red Army. -
Mao and his band moves south of jiangxi province near ruijin
established base “Chinese Soviet Republic” - had pop of 1 mill., mao becomes secretary of CCP
The “Chinese Soviet Republic” is often referred to as the Jiangxi Soviet because the largest territory within it was called the Jiangxi-Fujian Soviet. The Soviet Republic lasted until 1937. In the Chinese Soviet Republic, Mao Zedong was the prime minister. -
Jieshi can't’ defeat red army
in 1930 China had among the highest death rates in the world. Because Chiang Kai-Shek (Jiang Jieshi) could not manage to defeat the red army, the CCP won a great advantage against the Kuomintang. At the same time, the KMT (Kuomintang) was occupied with their own internal conflict known as the Central Plains War, an effort to wipe out communists in the area. Both parties want to wipe out the other party. Both parties don’t want different ideas which is a point made by Eco in his Ur Fascism paper. -
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The Long March
made communists settle in caves in northwestern china where they then gained followers in the area. The long march is referred to in publications of the People’s Republic of China as the Long March of the Red Army. There were several red armies named for being different fronts of the red army. The first front was made up of the First, Third and Fifth Army Groups in southern Jiangxi. The fourth front of the red army was made up of several smaller units. -
Mao Zedong officially becomes the leader of the CCP
Previously Mao Zedong was considered the leader of his political party, but was not in possession of the title of party chairman. This year also marked the end of the long march of the Red Army. During the long march, Mao Zedong gained the support of most party members which allowed him to gain the title of party chairman. -
Japan full scale attack on China
Two parties unite against Japan momentarily
This was known as the Second United Front.The two parties united under the military commander of the Chinese Nationalist party, Chiang Kai-Shek otherwise known as Jiang Jieshi. The war was known as the second Sino-Japanese War. -
Allies won WW2
China is recognized as official country since they helped the Allies. U.S then arranged meeting between Mao and jiang and they agreed to work together and make ONE elected democratic national assembly and ONE army. -
July- After agreement
fighting started almost immediately. U.S helped to negotiate a cease fire in 1946. One constitution was drawn up but the GMD tried to change it and fighting started again. A full scale civil war broke out. -
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Chinese civil war
Chinese civil war -
Mao and communists win the civil war
Mao secures his position as leader of communist China. The nationalist party is dissolved and china becomes officially communist. Jiang then flees to taiwan and declared it to be seat of the legitimate chinese government. Eventually he is defeated entirely. This constant fighting is a point made by Eco’s Ur Fascism that said that fascist countries felt the need to always to be involved in war-Perpetual warfare.
